Combination of AP Euro chapters 29-31
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| 773509137 | b | The most impressive accomplishments of Stalin's five-year plans occurred in A) collectivized agriculture. B) heavy industry. C) consumer industry D) foreign trade. E) foreign investment. | |
| 773509138 | a | The strategic decision that most epitomized Hitler's violent and unlimited ambitions was the A) invasion of the Soviet Union. B) offensive into the eastern Mediterranean. C) declaration of war against the United States. D) bombing of British cities during the Battle of Britain. E) occupation of the Rhineland. | |
| 773509139 | b | Hitler's Mein Kampf included all of the following basic themes except A) living space. B) land reform. C) race. D) the leaderdictator. E) the masses were driven by fanaticism, not by knowledge. | |
| 773509140 | c | The Nuremberg Laws A) outlawed private property in the Soviet Union. B) established the parallel government/party structure of Nazi Germany. C) deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship. D) attempted to implement Hitler's promises of "work and bread." E) established "reservations" for Jews on German territory. | |
| 773509141 | a | The first German act of aggression that could not be justified by selfdetermination was the A) annexation of Austria. B) occupation of the non-ethnically German areas of Czechoslovakia. C) invasion of Poland. D) remilitarization of the Rhineland. E) invasion of Denmark. | |
| 773509142 | e | The regimes of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, and the Stalinist Soviet Union all shared a A) complete rejection of private property. B) violently racist ideology. C) goal of complete economic transformation. D) respect for the independence of established churches. E) profound hatred of Western liberalism | |
| 773509143 | c | How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian empire in 1913? A) They were far higher. B) They were marginally higher. C) They were lower. D) They were approximately the same. E) Available data do not allow comparison. | |
| 773509144 | e | Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party A) for plotting to assassinate its leader. B) for denying the necessity of violent revolution to establish a worker dictatorship. C) for working as a secret government informer. D) for anti-Semitism. E) for urging Italian entry into World War I | |
| 773509145 | a | Which of the following events occurred first? A) Mussolini seizes power in Italy. B) Stalin launches first five-year plan. C) Collectivization starts in the Soviet Union. D) Hitler appointed chancellor in Germany. E) Lateran Agreement signed. | |
| 773509146 | a | The newer comparative studies of fascism identify all of the following as shared characteristics except A) alliance with working-class movements. B) extreme, expansionist nationalism. C) a dynamic and violent leader. D) glorification of war and the military. E) alliance with powerful capitalists and landowners | |
| 773509147 | d | The Grand Alliance was cemented by all of the following policies except A) a commitment to unconditional surrender. B) U.S. adoption of the "Europe first" principle. C) postponement of a discussion of the eventual peace settlement. D) the decision to exclude France from the Alliance. E) the promise of huge U.S. aid to Britain and the Soviet Union | |
| 773509148 | b | In the early 1930s German chancellor Bruning tried to cope with the Great Depression by A) spending large amounts on public works projects. B) cutting government spending and squeezing down wages and prices. C) repudiating the Treaty of Versailles and drastic increases in military spending. D) enacting new welfare measures. E) instituting free trade policies to attract foreign investment. | |
| 773509149 | b | Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the A) urban workers. B) Russian peasants. C) White counterrevolutionaries. D) foreign capitalists. E) Russian intelligentsia. | |
| 773509150 | a | The Lateran Agreement indicated that Mussolini had the support of A) the pope and the Catholic church. B) Italian labor unions. C) Nazi Germany. D) fascist Spain. E) the Greek government. | |
| 773509151 | d | The term Final Solution refers to A) Stalin's industrialization drive. B) the Allies' demand that Germany had to surrender unconditionally. C) Hitler's suicide as Soviet troops stormed Berlin. D) the attempted extermination of European Jews by the Nazis. E) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. | |
| 773509152 | e | The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact A) allied Germany and the Soviet Union against Britain and France. B) engaged Germany and the Soviet Union to defend one another should either be attacked. C) stated that Germany and the Soviet Union foreswore any further acts of aggression against sovereign states. D) stated that if either side became involved in war, the other would remain neutral, and included a secret agreement to divide up Yugoslavia. E) stated that if either side became involved in war, the other would remain neutral, and included a secret clause dividing up eastern Europe. | |
| 773509153 | a | Hitler's popularity was based on all of the following except A) his establishment of equality for women. B) growing profits for business. C) the perception of greater equality and social mobility for all Germans. D) his successes in foreign policy. E) high employment and rising real wages. | |
| 773509154 | a | In the Battle of Britain (1940) A) the German air force sought to win control of the air over Britain. B) the German army landed troops on the south coast of England. C) the German navy attempted to wrest control of the English Channel from the British. D) Hitler tried to break civilian morale in Britain with radio broadcasts and leaflet drops. E) British labor unions protested continuation of the war. | |
| 773509155 | d | Which of the following events occurred last? A) Mussolini seizes power in Italy. B) Stalin launches first five-year plan. C) Collectivization starts in the Soviet Union. D) Hitler appointed chancellor in Germany. E) Lateran Agreement signed. | |
| 773509156 | d | In Stalin's Soviet Union, women A) were relegated to agricultural and domestic labor. B) were urged to liberate themselves sexually. C) shared family duties equally with men. D) were able to pursue professional careers. E) lost the right to vote. | |
| 773509157 | a | By spring __________, the Bolsheviks had won the civil war. A) 1921 B) 1919 C) 1925 D) 1926 E) 1928 | |
| 773509158 | e | Marshal Henri-Philippe Pétain A) commanded the French armies in the spring of 1940. B) commenced French rearmament when he became premier in 1938. C) led the Popular Front government in France in 1937. D) was a French general who deserted to the Nazis during their invasion of France. E) headed the Vichy French government that made peace with the Nazis. | |
| 773509159 | a | Early writers on totalitarianism such as Elie Halévy A) asserted that all totalitarian states were closely related. B) stressed the differences between fascism and communism. C) argued that fascism was a tool of powerful capitalists. D) stressed the differences in the historical patterns of fascist states. E) celebrated conservative authoritarianism. | |
| 773509160 | c | According to historian Daniel Goldhagen, most Germans A) detested the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi party. B) greeted the outbreak of war with resignation. C) were Hitler's willing accomplices in the Final Solution. D) were indifferent to the Holocaust. E) feared Bolshevism above all. | |
| 773509161 | b | Stalin's theory of "socialism in one country" A) was originally proposed by Leon Trotsky. B) argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own. C) maintained that the success of socialism depended on world revolution. D) was rejected by the Communist party. E) proposed that the Soviet Union should give up trying to catalyze the world proletarian revolution | |
| 773509162 | c | One example of the successful resistance of Russian peasants to collectivization was A) Stalin's decision to limit the extent of collectivization. B) de-kulakization. C) grudgingly tolerated family plots. D) their control of the Siberian grain and raw materials sectors of the Soviet economy. E) the restoration of their rights to move freely without carrying passports in 1935. | |
| 773509163 | d | Among the objectives of Stalin's first Five-Year Plan were all of the following except A) to stamp out the small-scale private enterprise tolerated under the NEP. B) to catch up with the advanced capitalist countries in industrial and military power. C) to squeeze out of the peasants the capital needed for industrialization. D) to Russify the ethnic minority groups in the U.S.S.R. E) to prevent the growth of an independent class of "capitalist" peasants | |
| 773509164 | b | All of the following were factors in the success of Stalin's industrialization drive except A) a sharp decrease in domestic consumption. B) the skill of Soviet economists. C) extensive labor discipline. D) the use of foreign experts. E) the crushing of independent labor unions. | |
| 773509165 | b | The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 largely because A) socialist workers were seizing control of factories. B) of the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants. C) of mass unemployment. D) of mutinies in the Italian fleet. E) of the general strike against the government declared by the Catholic church. | |
| 773509166 | a | One of the most important consequences of the Great Purges was the A) creation of a new generation of communists loyal to Stalin. B) destruction of the Red Army's ability to fight. C) elimination of foreign spies and saboteurs. D) decline in the international scope of the communist movement. E) rise of significant sympathy for Nazi Germany inside the U.S.S.R | |
| 773509167 | e | Stalin ordered the liquidation of the kulaks, the _____________, in 1929. A) small shopkeepers B) descendants of the Cossacks C) lower middle class D) army officers E) better-off peasants | |
| 773509168 | b | Hitler's promise to create "national socialism," a path between capitalism and communism was directed primarily at A) the army officer corps. B) the middle and lower-middle classes. C) big business. D) urban workers. E) the intelligentsia | |
| 773509169 | a | Hitler acquired absolute dictatorial powers, through the Enabling Act, as a result of A) the Reichstag fire and dirty politicking. B) a wave of strikes by German labor unions. C) the remilitarization of the Rhineland. D) the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jew. E) the election of 1932. | |
| 773509170 | b | Under Stalin, Soviet workers had all of the following except A) free education B) abundant housing C) old-age pensions D) free medical service E) day-care centers for children | |
| 773509171 | d | By 1950, __________ percent of all doctors in the Soviet Union were women. A) 20 B) 10 C) 40 D) 75 E) 90 | |
| 773509172 | a | Mussolini's ____________ used street violence as a tool for creating chaos and disorder. A) Black Shirts B) Brown Shirts C) Red Shirts D) White Shirts E) Black Hats | |
| 773509173 | e | Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he A) remilitarized the Rhineland. B) occupied Austria. C) took the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. D) invaded Norway. E) used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland. | |
| 773509174 | b | According to Hitler's New Order, the European "race" that was next to the Jews on Hitler's scale of subhumans was the A) Latin race. B) Slavic race. C) Nordic race D) Anglo-Saxon race. E) Magyar race. | |
| 773509175 | d | By 1945, Hitler and his Nazis had murdered A) 600,000 Jews. B) 1 million Jews. C) 2 million Jews. D) 6 million Jews. E) 20 million Jews. | |
| 773509176 | a | By the end of _____________, Italy was a one-party dictatorship under Mussolini's control. A) 1926 B) 1922 C) 1930 D) 1929 E) 1924 | |
| 773509177 | c | In Vienna, Hitler learned important political lessons from the city's mayor, A) Max Luddendorf. B) Frederick Listoff. C) Karl Lueger. D) Rolf Hess. E) Otto Presser. | |
| 773509178 | e | Heinrich Himmler was the leader of the A) Luftwaffe. B) Wehrmacht. C) Gestapo. D) SA. E) SS | |
| 773509179 | e | At which conference did U.S. President Harry Truman insist that Stalin immediately allow free elections in the eastern European states under Red Army occupation? A) Munich Conference. B) Teheran Conference. C) Yalta Conference. D) Helsinki Conference. E) Potsdam Conference. | |
| 773509180 | a | The goal of the Truman Doctrine was to A) contain communism in areas liberated by the Red Army. B) rebuild the European economies. C) force the communists out of eastern Europe. D) destroy the communist parties in western Europe. E) enable cuts in U.S. military spending. | |
| 773509181 | c | In order to foster economic growth, the German Minister of the Economy Ludwig Erhard A) dismantled the extensive social welfare network. B) retained the Nazi-era economic planning machinery. C) emphasized free market capitalism. D) adopted the French model of a mixed economy. E) privatized major state-owned industries. | |
| 773509182 | d | After World War II, the Soviet Union A) experienced a period of general freedom. B) underwent a consumer revolution. C) reintroduced Lenin's New Economic Policy. D) returned to the totalitarianism of the 1930s. E) accepted Marshall Plan aid from the United States. | |
| 773509183 | a | In November 1943 the Big Three met in _____________ to discuss the shape of the postwar world. A) Teheran B) Potsdam C) London D) Istanbul E) Helsinki | |
| 773509184 | c | Which of the following events occurred first? A) Berlin Wall is built. B) Common Market is formed. C) NATO is formed. D) Korean War begins. E) NOW is formed. | |
| 773509185 | e | French decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa A) broke all ties with the former colonies. B) effectively removed Western influence in Africa. C) resulted from long wars for colonial independence. D) effectively cut France off from African markets. E) enhanced economic and cultural ties with former colonies. | |
| 773509186 | b | Which of the following events occurred last? A) Truman Doctrine proclaimed. B) Berlin Wall built. C) Marshall Plan launched. D) De-Stalinization of the Soviet Union begins. E) Korean War begins. | |
| 773509187 | e | Conservative party figures ousted Khruschev from the Soviet leadership because of all of the following except A) Stalin's former henchmen feared that Khrushchev's de-Stalinization campaign would ultimately reach them. B) Khrushchev's 1958 failure to force the NATO allies out of West Berlin. C) Khrushchev's humiliation in the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. D) de-Stalinization ultimately threatened the party's monopoly on political power. E) Khrushchev's readiness to let Soviet satellites leave the Warsaw Pact. | |
| 773509188 | c | The Manhattan Project was responsible for the development of A) jet aircraft. B) radar. C) the atomic bomb. D) computers. E) code-breaking algorithms. | |
| 773509189 | d | The ultimate goal of Robert Schuman's plan for an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe was to A) rebuild the European economy. B) create a single competitive market in Europe. C) reduce the influence of the United States. D) bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be impossible. E) facilitate an arms buildup to defend western Europe from the Warsaw Pact. | |
| 773509190 | c | Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel A) when the French gave up their League of Nations mandate over Palestine. B) when Germany surrendered in May 1945. C) when the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948. D) when the United States proclaimed the Truman Doctrine in 1947. E) when the U.S. Congress promised economic assistance in 1949. | |
| 773509191 | c | The European Common Market was created by the Treaty of A) Paris. B) Potsdam. C) Rome. D) Yalta. E) Versailles. | |
| 773509192 | e | The youth counterculture of the late 1950s and 1960s was characterized by all of the following except A) experimentation with communal living. B) unconventional sexual behavior. C) new artistic styles. D) anger at the injustices of racism and imperialism. E) the embrace of materialism. | |
| 773509193 | b | Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon A) immediately withdrew American troops from Vietnam. B) gradually reduced American involvement in the Vietnam War. C) increased the number of American troops in Vietnam. D) halted U.S. bombing of Vietnam. E) invaded North Vietnam. | |
| 773509194 | a | Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of A) economic and technological transformation. B) rising birthrates among the lower classes. C) the slaughter of World War II. D) political and social revolution. E) large-scale emigration. | |
| 773509195 | c | The wave of social unrest that almost toppled de Gaulle's Fifth Republic was begun by A) workers. B) peasants. C) students. D) civil servants. E) the army. | |
| 773509196 | d | In 1958, General de Gaulle established the ____________ Republic in France. A) Second B) Third C) Fourth D) Fifth E) Sixth | |
| 773509197 | a | The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to A) increased demand for technologists and managers. B) the strength of family-owned businesses. C) the high birthrate among this class. D) increased opportunities for new businesses. E) high taxes on the wealthy. | |
| 773509198 | b | The leveling of European society was a product of all of the following except A) social welfare programs. B) increased immigration resulting from decolonization. C) a rising standard of living and standardized consumer goods. D) higher taxes on the rich. E) high demand by government and corporations for technologists and managers. | |
| 773509199 | d | Approximately what percentage of persons in the West educated in science and technology have been involved in weapons production in the postwar era? A) one-twentieth. B) one-tenth. C) one-fifth. D) one-fourth. E) one-half. | |
| 773509200 | d | The leaders of the Czechoslovak reform movement of 1968 attempted to A) abolish the Communist party. B) remove Czechoslovakia from the Warsaw Pact. C) reintroduce capitalism and liberalism. D) make communism more humane. E) collectivize agriculture. | |
| 773509201 | a | How was the Tet Offensive launched by the Vietcong in January 1968 perceived in the United States? A) As a decisive American defeat. B) As an American victory. C) As a sign that the North Vietnamese were at the end of their tether. D) As a sign of Soviet direction of the Vietcong and North Vietnamese war effort. E) As a sign that more U.S. troops were needed to crush the communist insurgency. | |
| 773509202 | b | In the 1920s and 1930s, ____________ built a mass movement in India preaching nonviolent "noncooperation." A) Nehru B) Gandhi C) Ashoka D) Jinna E) Das Gupta | |
| 773509203 | c | The Helsinki agreement of 1975 called for A) the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. B) the reunification of eastern and western Europe. C) respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries. D) American deescalation in Vietnam and Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. E) Finnish neutrality in the cold war. | |
| 773509204 | a | In 1931, with Guomindang armies closing in on him, ___________ led his followers on a 5,000 mile march. A) Mao Zedong B) Chiang Kai-shek C) Ho Chi Minh D) Gandhi E) Sun Yatsen | |
| 773509205 | e | In 1954, the ____________ were defeated by the forces of Ho Chi Minh. A) Portuguese B) Dutch C) Italians D) British E) French | |
| 773509206 | d | Simone de Beauvoir argued that women could become freer through A) political revolution. B) the abolition of marriage. C) refusal to have children. D) courageous action and self-assertive creativity. E) sexual promiscuity. | |
| 773509207 | a | The misery index is a measurement that A) combines inflation and unemployment rates. B) measures per capita levels of malnutrition and disease. C) combines expenditures for oil and government deficits. D) links per capita income to oil imports. E) combines infant mortality rates and levels of illiteracy. | |
| 773509208 | c | In 1956, Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the ____________, provoking a military conflict with France and Britain. A) Egyptian oil industry B) Egyptian steel industry C) Suez Canal Company D) Egyptian energy industry E) Egyptian agricultural sector | |
| 773509209 | a | According to the _____________ Doctrine, the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it saw the need. A) Brezhnev B) Gorbachev C) Stalin D) Khrushchev E) Dubèek | |
| 773509210 | b | The founder of the National Organization for Women was A) Simone de Beauvoir. B) Betty Friedan. C) Margaret Thatcher. D) Helen Gurley Brown. E) Janis Joplin. | |
| 773509211 | c | Following the failure of his program of nationalization and public investment in the early 1980s, French president François Mitterrand A) resigned. B) failed to win reelection. C) was forced to introduce austerity measures. D) declared that socialism was dead. E) withdrew France from the Common Market. | |
| 773509212 | a | Simone de Beauvoir was A) an influential author in the postwar feminist movement. B) minister of culture in Charles de Gaulle's government. C) a French Resistance fighter executed by the Nazis. D) secretary of the French Communist party during the strikes and riots of 1947. E) president of the Sorbonne during the student uprising of 1968. | |
| 773509213 | d | In Great Britain, Margaret Thatcher's efforts to encourage low- and moderate-income renters to buy their apartments A) failed miserably. B) led to destructive debt levels for poorer people. C) was supported by the Labour party. D) created a new class of property owners. E) led to accusations that Thatcher was a socialist. | |
| 773509214 | d | Between 1981 and 1989, Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress A) increased taxes on the wealthy. B) cut defense spending. C) increased taxes and government-provided social services. D) cut taxes and ballooned the government deficit. E) eliminated the budget deficit by cutting government social services. | |
| 773509215 | b | Common goals of the women's movement included all of the following except A) eliminating discrimination in the workplace. B) elimination of male-dominated governments. C) legislation to legalize abortion and divorce. D) support for programs to help single parents. E) support for affordable day care. | |
| 773509216 | a | The essence of Willy Brandt's policies toward the Eastern bloc was A) to seek peace and reconciliation. B) the reunification of Germany. C) to reduce the influence of NATO in Germany. D) to establish German neutrality in the cold war. E) to reassert German claims to majority-German areas of eastern Europe. | |
| 773509217 | d | The only Eastern bloc country that responded to the prodemocracy movement of 1989 with bloody repression was A) Poland. B) Czechoslovakia. C) East Germany. D) Romania. E) Hungary. | |
| 773509218 | e | In 1991, which autonomous republic in the Russian Federation declared independence, prompting an invasion by the Russian Army and a bloody civil war? A) Tatarstan. B) Karelia. C) Tuvia. D) Daghestan. E) Chechnya. | |
| 773509219 | b | The Brezhnev era in the Soviet Union appeared stable for all of the following reasons except A) the coercive apparatus of the state and party. B) the high rate of growth in the consumer sector of the economy. C) the nationalism of ordinary Great Russians. D) a gradually rising standard of living. E) access to special stores, travel abroad, and other privileges for elites. | |
| 773509220 | c | The Brezhnev era witnessed all of the following changes except A) the growth of the urban population. B) rapid expansion in the number of highly trained specialists. C) cultural and artistic freedom. D) the growth of Soviet public opinion. E) participation of leading Soviet scientists and professionals in international communities of their disciplines. | |
| 773509221 | c | Poland differed from the other Eastern bloc states because A) its economy was managed effectively. B) it retained an independent military. C) of its independent agriculture and vigorous church. D) of its native leadership. E) of its refusal to borrow from the West. | |
| 773509222 | a | The workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk demanded all of the following except A) dissolution of the Communist party. B) the right to form free labor unions. C) economic reforms. D) freedom of speech. E) the release of political prisoners. | |
| 773509223 | c | Gorbachev's reforms included all of the following except A) freer prices. B) more independence for state enterprises. C) the breakup of collective farms. D) the establishment of profitseeking private cooperatives. E) a relaxation of state censorship. | |
| 773509224 | e | The earliest part of Gorbachev's reform campaign in the U.S.S.R. featured A) concessions to demands for autonomy from non-Russian ethnic groups. B) a campaign to remove Jews from official positions. C) an attempt to modernize the Soviet nuclear weapons arsenal. D) a call for a multiparty political system. E) antialcoholism and anticorruption drives. | |
| 773509225 | a | In the revolutions of 1989, the first state to elect a noncommunist leader was A) Poland. B) East Germany. C) Czechoslovakia. D) Romania. E) Hungary. | |
| 773509226 | e | According to the text, European societies in the early twenty-first century face all of the following problems except A) declining birthrates. B) aging of the population. C) a large influx of refugees from civil wars inside Europe. D) illegal immigration. E) rapidly declining living standards. | |
| 773509227 | b | Privatized companies in post-Soviet Russia A) are not allowed. B) usually ended up in the hands of former Soviet managers and bureaucrats. C) have attracted a great deal of investment from average Russians. D) have been bought up by foreign investors. E) are largely cooperatives. | |
| 773509228 | e | According to the text, economic "shock therapy" in Russia worked poorly for all of the following reasons except the A) transformation of state-owned monopolies into private monopolies. B) runaway inflation. C) distribution of subsidies by the Yeltsin government. D) tendency of the Russian managerial elite to form close ties with criminal elements to intimidate rivals. E) strength of the ruble on international currency exchanges. | |
| 773509229 | c | Vladimir Putin A) was head of the KGB under Gorbachev. B) was leader of the Chechen independence movement. C) was elected president of Russia in 2000. D) was Yeltsin's chief economic adviser. E) headed the coal miner's union in the Russian Far East. | |
| 773509230 | a | Terrorism and ____________ have gone hand-in-hand since the beginning of the twentieth century. A) civil war B) fundamentalism C) famine D) epidemic E) religion | |
| 773509231 | e | The German Red Army Faction is an example of the A) third wave of terrorism. B) first wave of terrorism. C) subversion of the West by the Soviet Union. D) intersection of religion and terrorism. E) second wave of terrorism. | |
| 773509232 | b | The Solidarity movement of the 1980s was led by A) Mikhail Gorbachev. B) Lech Walesa. C) Alexander Dubcek. D) Karol Wojtyla. E) Wojciech Jaruzelski. | |
| 773509233 | d | Western nations joined forces with the Afghani _____________ in the 2001 attack on the Taliban and al-Qaeda. A) Mujahideen B) Freedom Fighters C) underground D) Northern Alliance E) Pashtun Alliance | |
| 773509234 | e | The Maastricht treaty of 1991 A) ended the cold war. B) reunited Germany. C) recognized Croatian independence. D) recognized Slovenian independence. E) set up a plan for creating a European monetary union with a single currency. | |
| 773509235 | a | The attempted coup by the communist old guard in the Soviet Union in August 1991 failed because of A) massive popular resistance, rallied around Boris Yeltsin. B) Gorbachev's use of the Red Army to crush the rebels. C) the threat of NATO intervention. D) the inability of the old guard to decide on a new leader. E) the United States' threat to intervene. | |
| 773509236 | d | According to the text, many European intellectuals see Europe's mission in the twenty-first century as A) incorporating Russia into NATO. B) strengthening nationalism in European societies. C) reviving the welfare state. D) promoting human rights, democracy, and prosperity outside Europe. E) developing a joint space program. | |
| 773509237 | a | During their struggle against the Soviet Union, bin Laden and like-minded "holy warriors" developed a hatred of all of the following except A) Islamic puritanism. B) the Saudi monarchy. C) the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. D) most existing Arab governments. E) the government of Egypt. | |
| 773509238 | d | The Gulf War clearly revealed A) the disunity among the world community. B) Russia's continued importance in world affairs. C) the lingering resentment of the Arab world against the United States. D) American preeminence as the only remaining superpower. E) U.S. unwillingness to deploy troops in large numbers in the Middle East. | |
| 773509239 | c | In __________, President Bush and his advisers began to consider how to overthrow Saddam Hussein. A) 1992 B) 2002 C) 2000 D) 2003 E) 2001 | |
| 773509240 | d | In 2002, the Bush administration ____________ new Security Council resolutions requiring Iraq to accept the return of weapons inspectors. A) eagerly agreed to B) rejected C) refused to be part of D) reluctantly agreed to E) pushed hard for | |
| 773509241 | b | In 1997, which three countries were accepted to membership in NATO? A) Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. B) Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. C) Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland. D) Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. E) Greece, Turkey, and Bulgaria. | |
| 773509242 | a | The successful reform movements in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic resulted from all of the following factors except A) state control of strategic industries. B) considerable experience with limited market reforms before 1989. C) flexibility in government policy. D) the enthusiastic embrace of capitalism by a new, rising entrepreneurial class. E) the desire to fulfill the requirements for entering NATO. | |
| 773509243 | e | In the days after the collapse of Saddam's dictatorship, British and American troops __________ looting of government buildings and hospitals. A) actively prevented B) encouraged C) could do nothing to stop D) used violence to stop the E) turned a blind eye to | |
| 773509244 | a | Slobodan Milosevic's plan, which hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia, was known as A) Greater Serbia. B) the Third Way. C) the League of Communists. D) the Commonwealth of Independent States. E) Titoism. | |
| 773509245 | b | The event which finally galvanized NATO action against the Bosnian Serbs was A) the discovery of ethnic cleansing policies. B) the slaughter of several thousands citizens in Srebrenica. C) the invasion of Bosnia by elements of the regular Serbian army. D) Milosevic's ditching of his Bosnian Serb allies. E) the fear of Russian intervention on the Bosnian Serb side. | |
| 773509246 | c | Which of the following events occurred first? A) Solidarity gains power in Poland. B) First War with Iraq begins. C) Glasnost leads to greater freedom of speech in the Soviet Union. D) European Union is created. E) Maastricht treaty sets criteria for European monetary union. | |
| 773509247 | a | The text argues that the decline of western European birthrates is due to A) the entrance of married women into careers and the related drive for gender equality. B) increasing rates of homosexuality. C) state policies discouraging childbearing. D) environmental degradation. E) the decline of religious belief. | |
| 773509248 | c | It is estimated that between 1993 and 2003, illegal immigration into the European Union A) remained constant at about 50,000 persons annually. B) dropped precipitously from 50,000 to 10,000 persons per year. C) rose from 50,000 to about 500,000 persons per year. D) was nearly eliminated by tighter border security measures. E) rose from 50,000 to perhaps 200,000 per year. | |
| 773509249 | a | Gorbachev's encouragement of reform movements in Poland and Hungary was a repudiation of the ____________ doctrine. A) Brezhnev B) Truman C) Stalin D) Glasnost E) Detente | |
| 773509250 | d | Opposition to the Maastricht treaty was based on all of the following considerations except A) resentment against the proliferation of EU regulations and large bureaucracy. B) fear of undermining national sovereignty. C) the belief that ordinary people would pay for monetary union by reduced social services. D) the belief that the new currency would be easily manipulated and controlled by the United States. E) fear of undermining popular control of government through national elections. | |
| 773509251 | a | French reaction to the austerity reforms introduced to meet Maastricht criteria featured A) massive protest marches and a national strike. B) grumbling resentment. C) waves of political violence. D) lukewarm acceptance. E) large-scale emigration. | |
| 773509252 | a | _____________'s Velvet Revolution ousted the communist government from power. A) Czechoslovakia B) Poland C) Hungary D) Romania E) Lithuania | |
| 773509253 | e | When ___________ broke away from the Soviet Union, Alma-Ata became its capital. A) Georgia B) Tajikistan C) Azerbaijan D) Uzbekistan E) Kazakhstan | |
| 773509254 | c | The ___________ of 1990 was a general peace treaty that brought an end to World War II and the cold war. A) Helsinki Accord B) Dayton Accord C) Paris Accord D) Washington Accord E) Berlin Accord |
