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| 776694771 | British Housing Act | 1890 Parliamentarian law that authorized local town councils to collect new taxes and construct cheap housing for the working classes | |
| 776694772 | Bernstein | Author of Evolutionary Socialism, which argued that evolution by democratic means, not revolution, would achieve the desired goals of socialism | |
| 776694773 | Ministerial Responsibility | The notion that ministers of government were responsible to the parliament and not the monarch (Germany did not have it!) | |
| 776694774 | Mass | Forms of leisure and entertainment that appeal to large numbers of people in a society including the working classes; emerged at the end of the 19th century to provide workers with amusements after work and on weekends; examples include amusement parks, music and dance halls, and athletic events (which increasingly became professionalized) | |
| 776694775 | Zones | By 1900, Europe was divided into two economic _________, a prosperous north and west that had a high standard of living, decent systems of transportation, and relatively healthy and educated peoples, and the backward and little industrialized areas to the south and east | |
| 776694776 | Third Republic | French government brought to power by the Constitution of 1875; lasted until 1940 | |
| 776694777 | Commune | Group of radical Parisian republicans who established an independent government in Paris after the French people, by universal male suffrage, had voted the monarchists to power in the new National Assembly after the fall of the Second Empire | |
| 776694778 | White collar | After 1870, new job opportunities for women emerged primarily in the service or ___________ sector for such positions as clerks, typists, secretaries, file clerks, sales clerks, teachers, telephone operators, and nurses | |
| 776694779 | Urbanization | Like the First Industrial Revolution, one of the major impacts of the Second Industrial Revolution was increased _________, or movement of people to the cities | |
| 776694780 | Jacob | She founded Europe's first birth control clinic in 1882 in (where else?) Amsterdam | |
| 776694781 | Prostitution | Despite the new job opportunities for women in the late 19th century, many lower-class women were forced to become __________ to survive | |
| 776694782 | Sewage | Essential to the public health of the modern European city was the ability to bring clean water into the city and to expel _________ from it | |
| 776694783 | Untrue | By the late 19th century, the liberal principle that the government that governs least governs best had simply proved __________; more and more, governments were stepping into areas of activity that they would have never touched earlier | |
| 776694784 | Identity | Professional sports teams became objects of mass adulation by crowds of urbanites who compensated for their lost sense of ________ in mass urban areas by developing these new loyalties | |
| 776694785 | Social Democratic | Probably the most powerful working class party (German) in late 19th century Europe (and who would be the target of many of Bismarck's domestic policies) | |
| 776694786 | Assassination | The primary instrument of terror for anarchist revolutionaries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries | |
| 776694787 | Gradual | The British system of ________ reform through parliamentary institutions had become the way of British political life | |
| 776694788 | Reform | "_____ that you might preserve"—British statesman Thomas Macaulay | |
| 776694789 | Doctorate | After 1870, the relationship between science and technology grew closer, nowhere more apparent than in Germany, whose technical schools began to award _______ degrees | |
| 776694790 | Gradualism | Synonymous with evolutionary socialism | |
| 776694791 | Domesticity | Working class organizations during this time tended to reinforce the underlying ideology of _______ | |
| 776694792 | Hour | A public health and sewage campaign in Frankfurt went by the motto "from the toilet to the river in half an _________" | |
| 776694793 | Social Security | Government programs that provided social welfare measures such as old-age pensions and sickness, accident, and disability insurance; first spearheaded by Bismarck | |
| 776694794 | Mass forms of this "culture" included newspapers, magazines, and pulp fiction | ||
| 776694795 | Suburbanization | This social effect of the second Industrial Revolution was facilitated by the emergence of cheap, modern transportation like commuter trains | |
| 776694796 | Literacy | One of the most notable effects of mass education was rising levels of this; the ability to read | |
| 776694797 | Human Progress | With new industries, new sources of energy, and new goods, a Second Industrial Revolution transformed the human environment, dazzled Europeans, and led them to believe that their material progress meant _____ _____ | |
| 776694798 | Mass Society | The new urban and industrial world created by the rapid economic changes of the 19th century led to the emergence of a _____ _____ by the late 19th century | |
| 776694799 | Steel | In industrial development after 1870, it began to replace iron | |
| 776694800 | Electricity | This major new form of energy proved to be of great value since it could be easily converted into other forms of energy, such as heat, light, and motion, and moved relatively effortlessly through space over wires | |
| 776694801 | Swan | British inventor of the light bulb, which opened homes and cities to illumination by electric lights | |
| 776694802 | Marconi | Building on the insights of Tesla, this Italian sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901 | |
| 776694803 | Subways | The first electric railway was installed in Berlin in 1879; by the 1880s, streetcars and _____ had appeared in major European cities and had begun to replace horse-drawn buses | |
| 776694804 | Interchangeable parts | It was facilitated by precision tool making and undergirded the evolution of the assembly line | |
| 776694805 | Scientific Management | Popularized by the American Frederick Winslow Taylor ("Taylorism"), these were principles that sought to maximize worker inefficiency (or alienation as Marx would say) | |
| 776694806 | Automobile | Besides the airplane industry, the other industry that emerged after the development of the internal combustion engine | |
| 776694807 | Daimler | His development of the light engine in 1886 was key to the development of the automobile | |
| 776694808 | United states | The worldwide leader in steel production by the end of the 19th century (output surpassed both the British and Germans) | |
| 776694809 | Factories | The development of conveyor belts, cranes, machines, and machine tools all powered by electricity were specific ways electricity transformed ____________ | |
| 776694810 | Zeppelin | In 1900, air transportation began with this airship | |
| 776694811 | Wright Brothers | Famous Daytonians who made the first flight in a fixed-wing plane powered by a gasoline engine in 1903 | |
| 776694812 | Ford | American who revolutionized the car industry with the mass production of the Model T | |
| 776694813 | Free Trade | Increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand in the latter 19th century led to a reaction against __________ | |
| 776694814 | La Belle Epoque | Period from roughly 1895 to the beginning of the Great War in 1914 that many viewed as an economic boom and an age of increasing prosperity | |
| 776694815 | Kulturkampf | Unpopular series of measures Bismarck took against the Roman Catholic Church as he distrusted their loyalty to the new German state | |
| 776694816 | Woman Question | The term used to refer to the debate over the role of women in 19th century Europe (as in previous centuries, women largely remained legally inferior, economically dependent, and primarily defined by family and household roles) | |
| 776694817 | Public Health Act | This 1875 law mandated that newly constructed buildings have running water and an internal drainage system | |
| 776694818 | William Gladstone | Liberal PM whose sponsorship of the Reform Act of 1884 gave the vote to all men who paid regular rents or taxes | |
| 776694819 | Department Store | Where the vast array of new consumer products were brought together in a single place | |
| 776694820 | Mass marketing | A new technique employed by businesses (who relied on social psychologists) to help sell the consumer goods made possible by the development of the steel and electrical industries | |
| 776694821 | Cartel | A combination of independent commercial enterprises that work together to control prices and fix production quotas, thereby restraining the competition that led to reduced prices; a modern example is OPEC |
