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| 9578662954 | Adolf Hitler | leader of the Nazi party; rearmed his army in the Spanish Civil War and aided the Fascists | 0 | |
| 9578662955 | Benito Mussolini | fascist leader of Italy | 1 | |
| 9578662956 | Enrico Fermi | architect of nuclear age (created first nuclear reactor) | 2 | |
| 9578662957 | Francisco Franco | led Spanish military forces into the Spanish Civil War; became dictator of Spain | 3 | |
| 9578662958 | Joseph Stalin | leader of the Russian regime, created the Five-Year Plan | 4 | |
| 9578662959 | Salvador Dali | surrealism artist | 5 | |
| 9578662960 | Werner Heisenberg | theorized the uncertainty principle | 6 | |
| 9578662961 | Anschluss | Germany annexed Austria | 7 | |
| 9578662962 | Appeasement | The Allied States allowed Hitler to add the different territories in hopes of avoiding war | 8 | |
| 9578662963 | Collectivization | gathering small family farms onto larger farms run by the government to increse production | 9 | |
| 9578662964 | Dadaism | meaninglessness (random things thrown together), the "anti-art" | 10 | |
| 9578662965 | Democratic successor states | states that came after WWI to replace the Austria-Hungary Empire | 11 | |
| 9578662966 | Fascism | authoritarian (anti-democracy), violence and war, extreme nationalism (state above the individual) and appeals to the Italian history, usually involves a cult of personality (where people have an extreme loyalty to one person) | 12 | |
| 9578662967 | Five-Year Plan | Stalin's plan to industrialize Russia | 13 | |
| 9578662968 | Great Depression | economic crisis that broke the progress of the early 1920s | 14 | |
| 9578662969 | Great Purges | Stalin getting rid of everyone who opposes him | 15 | |
| 9578662970 | Gulags | work camps in Siberia that Stalin sent his opposers and threats (like kulaks) to | 16 | |
| 9578662971 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | renounced war as a national policy, consisted of 63 countries, failed | 17 | |
| 9578662972 | Keynesianism | John Maynard Keynes said that unemployment stemmed from a decline in demand, so the government must stimulate production in order to increase demand | 18 | |
| 9578662973 | Kulaks | wealthy farmers | 19 | |
| 9578662974 | Lateran Accords | agreement between Mussolini/Fascists and the Catholic Church that the Fascists would return the Vatican City to the Church and in return the church would support the Fascists, made Catholicism the top religion | 20 | |
| 9578662975 | League of Nations | an attempt to keep peace between the countries, but failed because the United States was not involved | 21 | |
| 9578662976 | Nazi Party | led by Adolf Hitler, a rightist party that was built on racism, anti-Semitism, and nationalism | 22 | |
| 9578662977 | Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact | an agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets to both take over Poland, but when they meet in the middle they will not fight each other | 23 | |
| 9578662978 | Munich Agreement | an example of appeasement, Hitler told the Allied States that if he was allowed to take the part of Czechoslovakia it would be his last request | 24 | |
| 9578662979 | New Economic Policy | a plan formed by Lenin to give peasants some way to make money | 25 | |
| 9578662980 | Surrealism | meaninglessness | 26 | |
| 9578662981 | Spanish Civil War | Republicans (popular front VS nationalists (Fascists with aid from Germany), Hitler's role was testing out new war techniques | 27 | |
| 9578662982 | Essential Question 1. Why did the Weimar Republic and other post-WWI democratic successor states fail? Which post-WWI democratic successor state(s) remained successful? | Fail: bad/weak governments unable to change government structure no control of army inflation caused by the Great Depression no political leader | 28 | |
| 9578662983 | Essential Question 2. How did Mussolini and Hitler rise to power? | Mussolini: -bad/weak Italian government (no coalition) -lost generation- black shirts -angry about Great Depression (no money no food) -did not get land from the Treaty of Versailles after WWI -fear of communism/socialism (industrial/agricultural strikes) -allied with liberals Hitler: 1. Failed art student 2. Soldier in WWI 3. hyperinflation cripples Weimar Republic 4. Beer Hall Putsch 5. in jail - wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle) 6. total personal authority in Nazi Germany 7. Hindenburg makes Hitler chancellor (people thought they could use him; he could get stamp out of communist threat) 8. Reichstag fire and Enabling Act (Hitler is made dictator by legal means) 9. Hindenburg dies; Hitler is Fuhrer (sole leader of Germany) | 29 | |
| 9578662984 | Essential Question 3. What characterized: Mussolini's Italian regime, Hitler's Nazi regime, and Stalin's Russian regime? How were they similar? How were they different? | Mussolini's Italian Regime: -Fascists authoritarian (anti-democracy), violence and war, extreme nationalism (state above the individual) and appeals to the Italian history, usually involves a cult of personality (where people have an extreme loyalty to one person) Hitler's Nazi Regime: -violent Stalin's Russian Regime: -great purges | 30 | |
| 9578662985 | Essential Question 4. How did Nazi persecution of Jews and other minorities develop in the interwar period? | the use of terror, SS and SA, | 31 | |
| 9578662986 | Essential Question 5. What were the causes and consequences of the Great Depression? | Causes: A downturn in domestic economies An international financial crisis caused by the collapse of the American stock market in 1929 Consequences: Unemployment Women often had more jobs because they could work as servants, men often were begging for work or worked in their own home unemployed Gangs uprising, causing fear Marxism became of interest because it said capitalism would fail, and the American stock market did crash Communism had raised interests Fascism | 32 | |
| 9578662987 | Essential Question 6. What economic theories emerged in response to the Great Depression? How did different governments attempt to address the crisis? | Theory: Keynesianism Governments: Great Britain- had a Liberal-Labour government led by Ramsay MacDonald, then a Labour government led by Stanley Baldwin, and then a National Government wanted credit for bringing Britain out of the depression France- had 6 cabinets; the first Popular Front government had leftist and right-wing parties trying to better French economy The Scandinavian States- had Social Democratic governments The United States- president Franklin Roosevelt created New Deal, Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the National Labor Relations Act | 33 | |
| 9578662988 | Essential Question 7. How did World War I and new scientific discoveries continue to undermine rationalism and Newtonian physics? | Enrico Fermi- nuclear weapons Werner Heisenberg- uncertainty principle (not everything is predictable) the new scientific discoveries were showing that not everything was predictable | 34 | |
| 9578662989 | Essential Question 8. How did modern mass culture and society (including the role of women) continue to develop in this period, both in the western democracies and the central and eastern authoritarian states? | Great Britain- workers were still with horrible conditions France- in the workforce, workers were finally given the French New Deal: 40-hour work week, 2-week paid vacations, and minimum wages The Scandinavian States- increased old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, provided assistance as subsidized housing, free prenatal care, maternity allowances, and annual paid vacations for workers The United States- labor unions grew | 35 | |
| 9578662990 | Essential Question 9. Why and how did foreign peoples continue to resist European imperialism? How successful were their efforts? | Middle East: Mustafa Kemal led resistance in Turkey against Britain and France; used their own democratic system and also westernized Turkey by forcing families to adopt European style names, making new laws that gave women equal rights as men in all aspects of marriage; somewhat successful India: Gandhi, India's "Great Soul," did not use violence but did use civil disobedience by refusing to follow British regulations; pretty successful because they got internal self-government Africa: Africans decided to seek reforms, not independence, by trade unions in Nigeria and South Africa, but British Nigeria did experience violent protests when when women called for white men to leave their country 50 women were killed | 36 |
