Flashcards for Ms. Holman's AP Euro class. Chapter 22 in McKay: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca 1780 - 1860
Terms : Hide Images
| 48423710 | Industrial Revolution | A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when there were major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation | |
| 48423711 | Spinning Jenny | A multi-spool spinning wheel invented circa 1764 by James Hargreaves | |
| 48423712 | Water Frame | A large spinning frame invented by Richard Arkwright in 1764 which required water power | |
| 48423713 | Body Linen | Underwear; In the past only the wealthy could afford this and it used to be made from expensive linen cloth | |
| 48423714 | Steam Engine | An engine which burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump; the first two of these were made by Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen; initially these were highly inefficient | |
| 48423715 | Coke | Carbon fuel produced by the distillation of coal | |
| 48423716 | James Hargreaves | English chemist and inventor, most known for inventing the spinning Jenny | |
| 48423717 | Thomas Newcomen | The man who created one of the first practical steam engines for pumping water | |
| 48423718 | James Watt | The man who greatly increased the efficiency of the steam engine by adding a separate condenser | |
| 48423719 | Rocket | An early steam locomotive which travelled at a blazing sixteen miles per hour | |
| 48423720 | Crystal Palace | The building which house the Great Exhibition; this was considered an architectural masterpiece, made entirely of glass and iron - supplies which became cheap and abundant in wake of the Industrial Revolution | |
| 48423721 | David Ricardo | English political economist who is famous for the iron law of wages, essentially stating that wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving | |
| 48423722 | Thomas Malthus | Author of Essay on the Principle of Population; he argued that population would always tend to grow faster than the food supply | |
| 48423723 | Factory Act of 1833 | An act passed by Parliament which limited the factory workday for children but consequently broke up family working patterns | |
| 48423724 | Andrew Ure | A man who stated that the conditions in most factories were quite good after studying the cotton industry; he opposed voices such as Friedrich Engels who stated conditions were terrible | |
| 48423725 | Mines Act of 1842 | A piece of legislation passed in Great Britain in response to dangerous working conditions and prohibited underground work for all women as well as for boys under ten | |
| 48423726 | Cottage workers | The working class, eventually became unwilling to work in the factories which caused the employment of young children | |
| 48423727 | Chartist movement | Developed after the collapse of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union; demanded an equal right to vote for all men, a decrease in the hours in a workday, and that wheat could be imported duty-free into Great Britain | |
| 48423728 | Engels | Middle-class German, author of The Conditions of the Working Class in England, accusing the English middle classes and industrial capitalism as a whole of creating more poverty and murdering the working class | |
| 48423729 | Robert Owen | A manufacturer in Scotland; argued that employing young children in factories was inhumane | |
| 48423730 | Iron law of wages | Developed by English economist David Ricardo; expressed that wages would always fall to subsistence level due to the pressure of population increase | |
| 48423731 | Economic nationalism | Established by the 1840's by Friedrich List; domestic control over the economy in Germany and other areas | |
| 48423732 | Tariff protection | A support system by the government—laying high tariffs on other countries' imports to protect one's own economy | |
| 48423733 | Class-consciousness | A sense of awareness of class; cause of conflicting classes during the Industrial Revolution | |
| 48423734 | Luddites | Handicraft workers, against the Industrial Revolution due to their unemployment; attacked factories in northern England in 1812 | |
| 48423735 | Factory Act of 1833 | Limited the workday for young children and adolescents in the factories, and declared that children had to be enrolled in school; significantly decreased the number of employed children | |
| 48423736 | Mines Act of 1842 | Banned women and boys under ten from any underground work due to the problems that had developed from both genders working together in the mines | |
| 48423737 | Combination Acts | Passed by Parliament in 1799: outlawed unions and strikes; due to the fear of workers joining forces and rising up against the government | |
| 48423738 | Grand National Consolidated Trades Union | Organized by Robert Owen in 1834; had around 500,000 members from different trades at its height | |
| 48423739 | Manchester England | Industry—more specifically the development of the steam engine— caused a significant population increase in this city from 1750 to 1850 | |
| 48423740 | Zollverein | A customs union among the separate German states to allow goods to move between these states without tariffs; supported by German journalist Friedrich List |
