Questions from Middle Ages to Modern Europe. Still posting all terms
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| 24680088 | Medici | Italian family who ruled Tuskanny through their wealth and influence. They were early patrons of the arts. | |
| 24680089 | Giovanni Medici | Founded the Medici "dynasty" | |
| 24680090 | Florence | Cultural center of the Italian Renassiance | |
| 24680091 | Renaissance | Means Rebirth | |
| 24680092 | Fiefs | Land grants given by a king during the Middle Ages | |
| 24680093 | Magna Carta 1215 | Placed restrictions on the power of a king. One of the most influencal documents of the Middle Ages | |
| 24680094 | Joan of Arc | National heroine of France. Lead the French army to several victories during the Hundred Years' War. | |
| 24680095 | Tithes | Taxes for the Church | |
| 24680096 | Hundred Years' War | War over the succession of the French throne between House of Valois (French) and the House of Plantagenet (English) | |
| 24687064 | Charles V | Ruler of Hapsburg Empire | |
| 24687065 | Donatello | Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures. Famous works include David | |
| 24687066 | More | Wrote Utopia | |
| 24687067 | Erasmus | Promoted Intellectual inquiry, piety, and use of latin as common scholary langauge during the Northern Renaissance | |
| 24687068 | Johann Gutenberg | Invented the movable printing press | |
| 24687069 | Gutenberg Printing Press | Allowed the spead of news and book and lead to an increase in literacy | |
| 24687070 | Dante | An Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice | |
| 24687071 | Petrach | The father of humanism | |
| 24687072 | Humanism | A study of the classics | |
| 24687073 | War of the Roses | Fought over the English line of succession between the Houses of Lancaster and York, Lancaster won | |
| 24687074 | Christopher Colombus | Sailed for Spain and landed in the Carribean when looking for a new route to India | |
| 24687075 | Da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | |
| 24687076 | Cortes | Sailed for Spain and conquered the Aztecs | |
| 24687077 | Pizarro | Sailed for Spain and conquered the Incas | |
| 24687078 | Magellen | Sailed for Portugal and is offically the first person the circumnavigate the globe but he died in the Phillipines | |
| 24693519 | Drake | Sailed for England, defeated the Spanish armada, and circumnavigated the globe | |
| 24693520 | Indulgences | Sales in which anxious individuals payed the church money in hopes of spending less time in purgatory | |
| 24694287 | Augsberg Confession | Makes Martin Luther break away from the Church and the begin of Lutherism | |
| 24694288 | 95 Theses | Created by Martin Luther and nailed to a church door in Wittenberg. Reflect Luther's views on the church's practices of selling indulgences | |
| 24694289 | Martin Luther | Founder of Lutherism | |
| 24694290 | Puritans | Wanted to purify the Anglican Church by removing all traces of Catholism | |
| 24694553 | John Calvin | Founder of Calvinism. Believed in Predestination. Lead a moral reform group in Geneva | |
| 24695299 | Leonardo da Vinci | Painter and inventer during the Italian Renaissance. Famous works include the Mona Lisa | |
| 24695300 | Ivan III | Ended Mongel rule in Russia. Russia's first czar | |
| 24695301 | Michelangelo | Painter during the Italian Renaissance. Famous works include The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel | |
| 24695302 | Machiavelli | Wrote The Prince | |
| 24705041 | The Prince | Said that leaders should inspire fear to end politcal Instability | |
| 24705042 | Utopia | Describes the perfect society | |
| 24705043 | Divine Comedy | A narrative epic poem describing heavan, hell, and puragtory | |
| 24705044 | Colombian Exchange | The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa | |
| 24705045 | Smallpox | This was one of the major killers of Native Americans during the period of exploration | |
| 24705859 | Diet of Worms | Charles V's assembly of German estates that declared Luther's teachings heretical | |
| 24705860 | Mannerism | Style in art and architecture of the 16th century, characterized by the distortion of elements such as proportion and space | |
| 24705861 | Zwingli | Lead the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland | |
| 24705862 | Wycliffe | Early reformer, lead the Luddites | |
| 24705863 | Las Casas | Protested against the poor treatment of the Native Americans | |
| 24705864 | Anabaptists | Against baptism at birth | |
| 24705865 | Calvinists | Believe in pre-destination | |
| 24705866 | Peace of Augsberg | Allowed German princes to decide what religion their lands would follow (Catholism or Lutherism). Calvinism and Anabaptists were not recognized | |
| 24705867 | Henry VIII | Adovcate for Absolutism. King of England who was famous for establishing the Angican Church in order to divorce his wife, Cathrine of Aragon | |
| 24705868 | Bloody Mary | Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, tried to reestablish Catholism in England. Killed many Anglicans before she was succeeded by her sister Elizabeth | |
| 24705869 | Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn, restored Angicanism in England. Defeated the Spanish Armada and is known as one of England's greatest queens | |
| 24706376 | Counter-Reformation | Otherwise known as the Catholic Reformation. Divided into three parts (Council of Trent, Inquisition, and Jesuits) which attempted to defend the Catholic Church from Protestantism | |
| 24706377 | Council of Trent | Reformed bishop and priest conduct, reaffirmed Catholic doctrine, papal authority, seven sacraments, the power of indulgences, and the celibacy of clergy | |
| 24706378 | Inquisition | A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s | |
| 24706379 | Jesuits | Lead by Ignatious of Loyola, they teach and preach worldwide to promote Catholism | |
| 24706380 | Pope Paul IV | Forced Jews to live in ghettos and created an idex of banned books | |
| 24706381 | Black Death | Otherwise known as the Bubonic Plague, lead to a massive death rate during the 14th century | |
| 24706382 | Serfdom | Feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | |
| 24706383 | Guilds | Regulated artisian training, production, and goods distribution | |
| 24710514 | Huguenots | French Calvinists | |
| 24711541 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Thousands of Huguenots were killed in Paris and throughout Frrance | |
| 24711542 | Edict of Nantes | Made Catholism the offical religion of Fance but gave religious rights to Huguenots | |
| 24711543 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended the wars of religion, Calvinists gained legal recognition, German Princes were still allowed to determine the relgion of their own territories, Holy Roman Empire was weaken, and the Swiss Confederation and the United Provinces became countries | |
| 24711544 | Scientific Revolution | A period of scientific and intellectual growth in Europe | |
| 24711545 | Newton | Developed the laws of gravity, the three laws of planetary motion, and argued that light could be described mathmatically | |
| 24711546 | Galilieo | Used the telescope to observe the sun's rotation as well as the craters of the moon. He also argued that the universe follows laws of mathmatics | |
| 24711547 | Copernicus | Developed the heliocentric theory | |
| 24711548 | Harvey | Mapped the human circulatory and skeletal systems | |
| 24711549 | Skeptism | A doubting or questioning state of mind, lead people to question the Church's teaches | |
| 24729429 | Act of Supremacy | Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534. | |
| 24729503 | Johann Tetzel | The leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther. | |
| 24729528 | Predestination | The belief that all events are willed by God. God already knows if you are going to heaven or hell. | |
| 24729545 | Baroque | Style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700, emphasizing dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. Associated with Catholicism. | |
| 24729546 | War of the Three Henrys | A French civil war between Henry III (the French king), Henry of Guise (a Catholic noble), and Henry of Navarre (a Protestant noble) resulting in Henry of Navarre's coronation as Henry IV. | |
| 24729572 | Cardinal Richelieu | Principal minister to Louis XIII. He used his strong influence over Louis XIII to insure the French monarchy as the embodiment of France. | |
| 24729577 | Fronde | Noble rebellions against Louis XIV |
