Terms : Hide Images
| 43678890 | Bernard de Fontanelle | Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds | |
| 43678891 | John Locke | Two Treatises on Civil Government (said people are born into perfect freedom and cede some rights for a govt's protection) and Essay on Human Understanding (tabula rasa) | |
| 43678892 | Montesqueiu | Spirit of Laws (3 part govt) and Persian Letters (criticized Europe's culture) | |
| 43678893 | Voltaire | deist who wrote Treatise On Toleration; "I don't agree with a word you say but I'll die for your right to say it" | |
| 43678895 | Frederick the Great | Enlightened monarch who abolished torture and allowed promotion based on merit | |
| 43678896 | Catherine the Great | Enlightened monarch who allowed publishing of Diderot's Encyclopedia, and gave serfs rights | |
| 43678897 | Diderot | The Encyclopedia (summary of philosophical knowledge of the time) | |
| 43678898 | Joseph II of Austria | Enlightened monarch who created Toleration Act, tried to help peasants | |
| 43678899 | Baron D'Holbach | atheist who wrote "System of Nature" | |
| 43678900 | David Hume | Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (almost-atheist, skeptical Enlightenment ideas) | |
| 43678901 | Immanuel Kant | "What Is Enlightenment?" (its just questioning things and thinking); forerunner of Romanticism | |
| 43678902 | Madame du Chalet | translated Principia Mathematica into French for Voltaire (and probably slept with him) | |
| 43683816 | Isaac Newton | "Principia Mathematica"; invented calculus to explain gravity | |
| 43683817 | Descarte | wrote "Discourse on Method" about cartesianism, which rejects anything that cannot be proven (I think, therefore I am) | |
| 43683818 | Paracelsus | physician who said that diseases had specific causes and cures, and were not from "an imbalance of humors" | |
| 43683819 | Kepler | student of Brahe; discovered that planets have elyptically shaped orbits | |
| 43683820 | Copernicus | published "On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres" on his deathbed; said that the planets orbited the sun | |
| 43683821 | Bacon | came up with idea of Empiricism (recording experiments so they could be repeated and reproved) | |
| 43939651 | Galileo | "Dialogue on Two Chief Systems" said that all planets orbited sun; he was led before the Inquisition, but recanted and was put under house arrest til he died | |
| 43941204 | Hobbes | wrote "Leviathon", believed that people are naturally violent brutes and need a strong monarch to stop the chaos | |
| 43941205 | Jethro Tull | invented the seed drill and suggested horses for plows, changing agriculture in Holland | |
| 43942713 | Harvey | scientist who discovered/studied the circulatory system | |
| 43944268 | Erasmus | In Praise of Folly (1st humanist?) | |
| 43944269 | Dante | Divine Comedy | |
| 43944270 | Machiavelli | The Prince (1513) | |
| 43944271 | James I of England | The Trew Law of Free Monarchies | |
| 43944272 | Marsiglio of Padua | Defensor Pacis (govt is more important than church) | |
| 43944273 | politiques | people who did not think religion was worth dying for and the state came before the church | |
| 43944274 | Micheal d'Montaigne | wrote the first essay and was the first skeptic | |
| 43945738 | John Milton | wrote "The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates" which said that rulers were accountable to the people | |
| 43966037 | Vesalius | first set of modern anatomical drawings | |
| 43966038 | Robert Boyle | founded chemistry | |
| 65033148 | Boris Pasternak | Russian who wrote Dr. Zhivago, which critisized the USSR | |
| 65033149 | Mary Wollstonecraft | wrote Vindication on the Rights of Women in 1792 | |
| 65033767 | Thomas Paine | said, in The Rights of Man, in 1791, that if a government is not taking care of and fairly representing its people, they have a right to overthrow it |
