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| 5674083287 | A Plan For English Commerce | A book by Defoe. It discussed how much more money the cottage industry brought in, factory working conditions, and wage differences between genders | 0 | |
| 5674489330 | A Vindication of the Rights of Man/Woman | A book by Wollstonecraft that advocated for coeducation, women in business and politics | 1 | |
| 5674521117 | Abbe de Sieyes | A Huguenot priest that advocated for the 3rd Estates right to rule and condemned special privileges | 2 | |
| 5674695748 | Dutch East Trading Comp | They thrived on the spice trade and wanted to capture the Spice trade form Portugal | 3 | |
| 5674705013 | Dutch West Trading Comp | They traded with the New World and wants to capture Spanish territories | 4 | |
| 5674729663 | Montaigne | He didn't believe that one culture could be superior to another. He was a skeptic and cultural relativist who contributed to the era of doubt | 5 | |
| 5674755280 | Skepticism | Someone who believes that complete certainty will never exist and there will always be doubt | 6 | |
| 5674802998 | Bacon | He believed that knowledge had to be backed up with research. Fed into empiricism. | 7 | |
| 5674815449 | Descartes | He believed that you should break down a question into simpler parts (deductive reasoning). | 8 | |
| 5674829302 | Newton | He combined math, physics, and astronomy in his 3 laws of motion. He discovered the law of universal gravitation, centripetal force, and acceleration. | 9 | |
| 5674856480 | Law of Universal Gravitation | Discovered by Newton and discussed in Principa Mathematica. It stated that objects were attracted to each other depending on mass and distance. | 10 | |
| 5674882112 | Empiricism | Inductive reasoning that called for getting evidence through observation and experimentation. It was made up by Bacon. | 11 | |
| 5674906945 | Scientific Method | A combo of inductive and deductive reasoning. | 12 | |
| 5674914917 | Galen | A greek physician who said the body had 4 humors and an imbalance of them would result in sickness. | 13 | |
| 5674928520 | Paracelus | He was one of the first to use drugs to address chemical vs humoral imbalances | 14 | |
| 5674941688 | Vesalius | He drew detailed drawings of human anatomy by dissecting human bodies. | 15 | |
| 5674955474 | Harvey | He discovered the circulation of blood through veins/ arteries. He explained the function of the heart's muscles and valves and compared the heart to a pump. | 16 | |
| 5675005157 | Aristotle | A greek philosopher who said the earth was the center of the universe which reinforced religious thought | 17 | |
| 5675022168 | Ptolemy | A greek philosopher who believed the planets moved in epicycles which was also accepted by Christians | 18 | |
| 5675039368 | Copernicus | A Renaissance philosopher who believed the sun was the center of the universe despite religious persecution | 19 | |
| 5675058641 | Copernicus Hypothesis | The idea that the sun was the center of the universe which disagreed with christians | 20 | |
| 5675074462 | Tycho Brahe | A believer in the Copernicus Hypothesis who dubbed the Rudolfine Tables and trained Kepler. | 21 | |
| 5675088076 | Kepler | He completed the Rudolfine Tables and united astronomy with math. | 22 | |
| 5675104435 | The New Astronomy | Kepler wrote this and disproved Aristotle and Ptolemy. | 23 | |
| 5675128439 | Rudolfine Tables | It explained planet motion and was started by Brahe and finished by Kepler | 24 | |
| 5675141251 | Galileo | He created the laws of motion and the law of inertia. He agreed with Copernicus and Kepler but was scared of Christians | 25 | |
| 5675161138 | Experimental Method | It was repeated control experiments to prove something and was made up by Galileo | 26 | |
| 5675170432 | Law of Inertia | A law of motion created by Galileo and sated that and object will remain in motion unless stopped. | 27 | |
| 5675232003 | Locke | A philosophe who believed in the tabula rasa and natural rights | 28 | |
| 5675258075 | Philosophe | A group of intellectuals who said they brought knowledge to others and helped bring in the Enlightenment. | 29 | |
| 5675287325 | Montesquieu | A philosopher who believed that all power must come from the people and in checks and balances | 30 | |
| 5675320188 | Reading Revolution | It encouraged others to read and helped the common people be able to read versus just the rich | 31 | |
| 5675336780 | Salon | Places were men went to discuss their ideas without being punished. | 32 | |
| 5675347089 | Voltaire | He believed in free speech and Dieste | 33 | |
| 5675422854 | Rococo | A style influenced by elite women and was known for being soft and sentimental |  | 34 |
| 5675441212 | Public Sphere | An intellectual space that celebrated educated debates and members would be able to talk about relevant issues | 35 | |
| 5675453272 | David Hume | He polarized that idea of white supramacy and that all raced were degenerated versions of white people | 36 | |
| 5675474795 | Immanuel Kant | He agreed with Hume and helped justify slavery | 37 | |
| 5676415746 | Enlightened Absolutism | Monarchs ruled with absolute authority and adopted the ideals of rationalism, progress, and tolerance. | 38 | |
| 5676433178 | War of the Austrian Succession | The struggle for the crown of Austrai between Maris Theresa and Frederick the Great, Frederick of Prussia got it | 39 | |
| 5676448385 | Cameralism | The view that monarchy was the best form of government, that society should serve the monarch, and in return the government would use its resources and authority to do the public good. | 40 | |
| 5676472843 | Catherine the Great | The enlightened absolute ruler of Russia. She westernized Russia, tried to reform the system, and expanded Russia's territory. | 41 | |
| 5676493334 | Pugachev | He sparked the uprising of serfs against Catherine which lead to her not being able to reform the system, exalted nobility, and oppressive serfdom. | 42 | |
| 5676548654 | Revolutionary Emperor | The term given to Joseph II as he drew on Enlightenment ideals and was an advocate for change. | 43 | |
| 5676586616 | Pale of Settlement | A settlement created by Catherine which was the place where Jews were required to live. | 44 | |
| 5676598985 | Open Field System | A system that depleted the soil of nitrogen which lead to poor crops. | 45 | |
| 5676646397 | Enclosure | The movement to fence in farms at the expense of peasants. It marked the rise of market-oriented farms and of wage earners. | 46 | |
| 5676664573 | Crop Rotation | It was the rotation of different crops grown so the soil would not be depleated | 47 | |
| 5676679627 | Jethro Tull | He was an advocate for better agricultural methods and using horses vs oxen and seed drilling | 48 | |
| 5676694102 | Seed Drilling | Sowing seed with drilling equipment vs by hand and was created by Tull | 49 | |
| 5676770624 | Selective Breeding | Breeding certain livestock to get more capable ones. | 50 | |
| 5676804976 | Daniel Defoe | He believed that the cottage industry brought in more money than agricultural work. | 51 | |
| 5676828342 | Clothier's Delight | A song that expressed the bitterness of textile workers towards merchants | 52 | |
| 5676841736 | Guild System | Trade based organizations that monopolized over their trade. It protected urban artisans. | 53 | |
| 5676883658 | Mercantilism | The balance of foreign trade to increase a country's wealth. It made the British Empire the leading maritime power. | 54 | |
| 5676901172 | Navigation Acts | The act monopolized trade with British colonies for British merchants and eliminated foreign competition. | 55 | |
| 5676918978 | Anglo-Dutch Shipping Wars | A war between the British and Dutch for control over the shipping and foreign trade. The navigation acts lead to the defeat of the Dutch. | 56 | |
| 5676932770 | War of the Spanish Succession | War between Britain and Spain due to their union with France. Louis 14 ended it by signing the Union of Utrecht. Spain gave up it North American holdings and their West African slave trade to Britain. | 57 | |
| 5676962063 | Asiento | Spain's West African Slave trade. | 58 | |
| 5676978194 | Atlantic Slave Trade | It supplied the rising demand for labor power and was important to Europe's economy. The forced migration of slaves across the Atlantic. | 59 | |
| 5676998622 | Creole | Spanish people born in the Americas. They brought European culture to their homes. | 60 | |
| 5677015303 | Sainte Domingue | The white pop formed new race laws their which prohibited white people from multiracial relationships and forced others to wear certain things. | 61 | |
| 5677111171 | Bourgeoisie | The French upper middle class | 62 | |
| 5677126279 | Desacralization | The process of being stripped of God's anointance | 63 | |
| 5677146439 | Estates General | A body that represented the 3 estates. | 64 | |
| 5677156985 | What is the 3rd Estate? | A pamphlet by Sieyes that said the 3rd Estate had the power to rule France. | 65 | |
| 5677173955 | National Assembly | They promised to write a new constitution and were the first to take steps to revolution. A reform legislative group made up of the 3rd estate and a few nobles/ clergy. | 66 | |
| 5677201414 | Oath of the Tennis Court | The oath taken by the National Assembly which promised to write a new constitution and make reform movements. | 67 | |
| 5677252457 | The Bastille | A royal prison where citizens too weapons and stormed in and appointed a new commander of the city's forces. | 68 | |
| 5677267520 | Great Fear | French peasants were afraid of nobel reprisals and this fear lead to more rebellion. Some nobel abolished old privileges because of this. | 69 | |
| 5677291926 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | The declaration issued by the National Assembly that called for equality, a representative government, and individual freedom | 70 | |
| 5677310515 | Constitutional Monarchy | This was the limit of government by law and the shared power of a leader and the government. | 71 | |
| 5677318500 | Declaration of the Rights of Women | A declaration by Olympe de Gouges that demanded equality for women as well | 72 | |
| 5677328497 | Code Noir | The law that gave free colored people the same legal status as white people but this was taken away. | 73 | |
| 5677336853 | Assignat | The new french paper money created after the government seized church property. | 74 | |
| 5677347037 | Robespierre | A French political leader. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror. After the Thermidorian Reaction, he was executed | 75 | |
| 5677355925 | Edmund Burke | He believed in the "old french ways". He wanted an unrepresentative parliament and inherited privileges. | 76 | |
| 5677404418 | Mary Wollstonecraft | An educated woman who demanded equal writes for women | 77 | |
| 5677413907 | Declaration of Pillnitz | A declaration issued by Austian and Prussian that stated they would intervene to restore Louis of France back to his throne | 78 | |
| 5677424517 | Jacobin Club | A political club made up of radical bourgeoise. They made up the majority of the Legislative Assembly | 79 | |
| 5677441485 | September Massacres | The massacres of jailed nobles and priests because they were thought to be plotting with foreigners | 80 | |
| 5677478883 | Girondists and The Mountain | Two competitive factions within the Jacobin club. The Mountains were lead by Robespierre and advocated for the execution of Louis | 81 | |
| 5677478944 | San-Culottes | Poor laborers that sided with the Mountain and helped kick out the Girondists from the National Convention. | 82 | |
| 5677496129 | Committee of Public Safety | A group formed by the National Convention and lead by Robespierre. It was given dictatorship power ignored to deal with threats inside and outside of France. | 83 | |
| 5677515640 | Reign of Terror | The period of time in which the Committee of Public Safety executed many people. It created Republican patriots | 84 | |
| 5677534249 | Dechristianization | A campaign to eliminate Catholicism in France. It was supposed to create Republican patriotism | 85 | |
| 5677547686 | National Convention | A convention made up of the Jacobin club. it executed the king, abolished the monarchy, declared war, created the Committee of Public Safety , and supported the Reign of Terror. | 86 | |
| 5678119919 | Thermidorian Reaction | The reaction to Robespierre's reign of terror sparked by the execution of his collaborators. Rob was executed due to this. | 87 | |
| 5678143120 | Danton | He was a collaborator of Robespierre who was executed. | 88 | |
| 5678156741 | The Directory | The new executive branch created by the National Assembly after the Committee of Public Safety. They believed in military expansion but this belief lead to their over through. | 89 | |
| 5678179016 | Napoleonic Code | A code created between Napoleon and the bourgeois. It emphasized male equality and security of property. | 90 | |
| 5678220416 | Bank of France | The bank established by Napoleon that catered to the state and allowed all to keep the status and property the gained in the Revolution | 91 | |
| 5678232963 | New Imperial Nobility | The title given by Napoleon to reward officials. It created a system of patronage. | 92 | |
| 5678253973 | Concodort of 1801 | An agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic church. It gave Napoleon the right to elect church officials and it diminished the power of the church. | 93 | |
| 5678268629 | Family Monarchy | A established family system that placed the father at the head of the household. | 94 | |
| 5678280375 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | A freed slave who created a constitution asking for equality. | 95 | |
| 5678326263 | Richelieu | He increased the power of a centralized French state. A minister of the French crown who established an administrative system the strengthened the monarchy and tried to destroy the Habsburgs. | 96 | |
| 5678402186 | Mazarin | He was a chief minister who continued Richelieu's centralized French state. He increased royal taxes to support the war which lead to the Fronde. | 97 | |
| 5678420973 | Fronde | Uprisings of the common people encouraged by the nobles due to royal control and taxes which was ended when Louis 14th was named king. The Fronde lead to France wanting a strong monarch. | 98 | |
| 5678454030 | Parliament of Paris | France's most important court made up of nobles. Its membered encouraged the Fronde | 99 | |
| 5678468063 | Louis XIV (14th) | An absolute monarch who ruled his realm through bourgeois councils and revoked the Edict of Nantes. | 100 | |
| 5678475875 | La Rochelle | An important Protestant city that Louis XIV supervised the siege of. It marked the fall of Protestantism in France. | 101 | |
| 5678502268 | Versailles | A palace that became the center of European culture. French classicism and a system of patronage was born here. | 102 | |
| 5678526385 | French Classicism | Art and Literature in the style of the Italian Renaissance. It came from Louis XIV Versailles. |  | 103 |
| 5678550825 | Colbert | A general who applied Mercantilism to France and believed that France should be self sustaining. He created guilds, encouraged immigration, abolished taxes on domestic goods, and wounded the company of the East Indies. | 104 | |
| 5678579638 | Peace of Utrecht | This ended the war of spanish succession which gave the crown to France and Spain's territories to England. It marked the end of French expansion. | 105 | |
| 5678597420 | Hohenzollern | A family that ruled Prussia. | 106 | |
| 5678614211 | Junkers | The nobels of Prussia/ Brandenburg. | 107 | |
| 5678672811 | Republicanism | A form of government with no monarch and the people ruled through elected representatives. | 108 | |
| 5678681434 | Puritans | They believed that England should cleanse themselves from all Catholic elements. | 109 | |
| 5678692259 | William Laud | He was an archbishop who created a new book of common prayer and imposed it on Scotland. Scotland rebelled. | 110 | |
| 5678706249 | Book of Common Prayer | The book that was imposed on Scotland which lead to their rebellion. | 111 | |
| 5678716377 | Triennial Act | Parliament passed this act which made the King summon the Parliament triennially and it impeached William Laud. It was accepted by Charles I as he was afraid of Scottish invasion. | 112 | |
| 5678736544 | New Model Army | The army that Parliament created inorder to defeat the King's royal army. | 113 | |
| 5678747217 | English Civil War | The war between the King and the Parliament. Cromwell was the leader of the New Model Army who execute the King and dismissed parliament. | 114 | |
| 5678762045 | Protectorate | What Cromwell called the new government in England. It was a military dictatorship that was lead by Cromwell. | 115 | |
| 5678772533 | Cromwell | He dismissed Parliament, censored culture, tolerated religion, and created a military dictatorship in England after the English Civil War. | 116 | |
| 5678791666 | Test Act | The act Parliament passed to secure the Anglican church. It stripped non anglicans of many rights but couldn't be enforced. | 117 | |
| 5678801619 | Bill of Rights | England's constitution that stated that the Parliament would make laws, secure the Triennial Act , and limited the rights of Catholics. | 118 | |
| 5678819044 | The Glorious Revolution | The revolution that replaced James II with William and Mary peacefully. It established a Constitutional Monarchy in France. | 119 | |
| 5679318837 | Boyars | The Russian nobility. Their loyalty gave power to muscovite princes. | 120 | |
| 5679338401 | Cossacks | A group made up of runaway peasants who didn't want to serve the tsar. They eventually allied with Moscow. | 121 | |
| 5679353477 | Stenka Razin | A cossack who lead a rebellion against the oppressive rule of the monarch. They killed landlord and officials but were defeated. | 122 | |
| 5679380623 | St. Petersburg | Peter's "new western" style capital. He built it with forced labor and heavy taxation ignored to westernize Russia. | 123 | |
| 5679399397 | Great Northern War | The war between Russian and Sweden. Sweden attracted Russia leading to Russia requiring nobles to serve in the army for life. | 124 | |
| 5679438926 | Adam Smith | A philosopher who believed in laissez faire and the invisible hand | 125 | |
| 5679478623 | British East India Company | A company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. | 126 | |
| 5679478624 | Cornelius Vermuyden | most famous of Dutch drainage engineers, directed drainage projects in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire, reclaimed 40,000 acres | 127 | |
| 5679495245 | Cottage Industry | An industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories. | 128 | |
| 5679498643 | Defenestration of Prague | The hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War. | 129 | |
| 5679507543 | Encyclopedia | A book by Diderot that disagreed with white superiority. The book critiqued european arrogance and racism. | 130 | |
| 5679509728 | Instrument of Government | Cromwell's constitution that gave all Christians, except Catholics, the right to practice their faith. It put the power in a protectorate and a council of state. | 131 | |
| 5679513757 | Invisible Hand | Everyone has an economic self intrest but it benefits society. It was a term coined by Smith | 132 | |
| 5679519363 | Madam du Chatelet | She believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education | 133 | |
| 5679528021 | Marat | The creator of the French Revolution newspaper "The People's Friend" | 134 | |
| 5679531892 | Montaigne's Essays, Of Cannibals | These were written by Montaigne and it wrote about oversea travels and cultural relativism | 135 | |
| 5679531893 | Natural Rights | No one can take away the rights a person receives at birth | 136 | |
| 5679535612 | Peace of Westphalia | This was the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War that recognized the independent authority of over three hundred German principalities | 137 | |
| 5679540296 | Popular Sovereignty | The government receives its power from the people | 138 | |
| 5679544138 | Putting-Out system | Merchants who gave raw materials to cottage materials in return for their processing and payment | 139 | |
| 5679544139 | Restoration Monarch | Charles II rose to power after Cromwell and therefore restored the monarchy in England. He was know as | 140 | |
| 5679553184 | Roundheads and Cavaliers | These were the two sides of the English civil war. The Roundheads were the Puritan supporters of the Parliament and the Cavaliers were the supporters of Charles I | 141 | |
| 5679553185 | Sans Souci | Frederick the Great's of Prussia Versailles palace | 142 | |
| 5679556577 | Serfs | men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection | 143 | |
| 5679560647 | Social Contract | People give up some personal freedom to the government and in return receives protection. | 144 | |
| 5679560648 | Tabula Rasa | Men are born with a clean slate | 145 | |
| 5679564640 | The People's Friend | A newspaper that focused on supporting the sans-culottes and radical views. | 146 | |
| 5679572741 | William and Mary | They were the monarch who came after James II during the glorious revolution. They were constitutional monarchs | 147 | |
| 5679579204 | Winter Palace | A Russian palace built by Peter the Great in St Petersburg that was similar to Versailles | 148 | |
| 5679613753 | laissez faire | There should be no government in economy | 149 |
