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| 6524980958 | Scientific Revolution | A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. | 0 | |
| 6524980959 | Ptolemaic systems | the pre-Copernican explanation of the universe, with the earth at the center of the universe, originated in the ancient world | 1 | |
| 6524980960 | Galileo | (1564-1642) An Italian who provided more evidence for heliocentric solar system and questioned if the heavens really were perfect. He invented a new telescope, studied the sky, and published what he discovered. Because his work provided evidence that the Bible was wrong he was arrested and ended up on house arrest for the rest of his life. |  | 2 |
| 6524980961 | Copernicus | 1473-1543. Polish astronomer who was the first to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the earth from the center of the universe. This theory is considered the epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution. |  | 3 |
| 6524980962 | Tycho Brahe | (1546-1601)Danish astronomer who studied the night sky for 20 years gathering data, and discovered a new star, which challenged Aristotle's theory that the universe was perfect and unchanging | 4 | |
| 6524980963 | Johannes Kepler | Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy | 5 | |
| 6524980964 | Isaac Newton | Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe. | 6 | |
| 6524980965 | empiricism | Claims based on data derived from observation and/or experimentation. | 7 | |
| 6524980966 | Francis Bacon | (1561-1626) English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. "Novum Organum". Inductive reasoning. | 8 | |
| 6524980967 | Rene Descartes | 17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "I think therefore I am"; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism | 9 | |
| 6524980970 | Margaret Cavendish | Educated scientist and astronomer; excluded from English Royal Society, regardless of her many accomplishments; wrote several books contrasting her knowledge with the knowledge of other scientists. | 10 | |
| 8049151848 | William Harvey | Author of On the Movement of the Heart and Blood of Animals. Believed that the heart pumped the blood in a circular motion. | 11 | |
| 8062675391 | Galen | Ancient physician who believed in the four bodily humors and that the liver was responsible for pumping blood | 12 | |
| 8062703108 | Maria Winkleman | Discovered a comet while husband was sleeping. Was not given credit for her discovery. | 13 | |
| 8062712611 | Andreas Vesalius | Author of the Fabric of the Human Body. The first detailed sketch of human anatomy. | 14 | |
| 8062746890 | Geocentric | Ptolemy and Aristotle both believed in this theory of the universe. | 15 |
