Terms : Hide Images
| 9926812970 | Humanism | The philosophy that human nature and achievement are worth contemplation. The ideas of humanism were found in classic Roman texts and it was studied by young men through analyzing these texts. Era: Renaissance (Period 1) |  | 0 |
| 9926817743 | Civic Humanism | The idea that educated men should be involved in the political affairs of their cities. Ex. Machiavelli's The Prince Era: Renaissance (Period 1) |  | 1 |
| 9926821261 | Christian Humanism | The idea that the concepts of humanism and Christianity can be combined. Mainly found in Northern Europe. It took the attitudes and ideas of Italian culture and applied it to the religion. Era: Renaissance (Period 1) |  | 2 |
| 9926836417 | Protestantism | A religious movement of the 16th century that was essentially a spinoff of Catholicism. It only involved two of the sacraments and was created by Martin Luther (sometimes referred to as Lutheranism). This spread rapidly throughout Europe following the Diet of Worms, leading to the creation of Calvinism, Presbyterianism, and Anglicanism Era: Reformation (Period 1) |  | 3 |
| 9926839284 | Anticlericalism | Opposition to the clergy. This was displayed through the support of protestantism. Era: Reformation (Period 1) |  | 4 |
| 9926842826 | Clerical Pluralism | Members of the church holding multiple positions. This was one of the major problems with the Catholic Church that inspired Luther to write his 95 theses Era: Reformation (Period 1) |  | 5 |
| 9926847243 | Anglicanism | The new church of England followed this religion, which was essentially just Catholicism with a few minor changes. The retention of traditional practices was due to the conservative nature of Henry and he even went as far as to dissolve old monasteries to get more cash. Era: Reformation (Period 1) |  | 6 |
| 9926850513 | Calvinism | A form of protestantism that was created by John Calvin. It involves the idea of predestination in which God preselects those that will go to heaven and who will go to hell. Good deeds were viewed as signifiers of an elect. Era: Reformation (period 1) |  | 7 |
| 9926859327 | Religious Fanaticism | Thanks to all the religious squabbles that occurred during the reformation, this ideology was created, in which Catholics and Protestants began to doubt that any one religion was the absolute truth. Era: Exploration (Period 1) |  | 8 |
| 9926864178 | Skepticism | The doubt that total certainty is ever attainable. Those that followed this idea were cautious, critical, and would suspend their judgement. Era: Exploration (Period 1) |  | 9 |
| 9926869335 | Cultural Relativism | This idea that no one culture is superior to any other, just that all cultures are different to each other. Era: Exploration (Period 1) |  | 10 |
| 9926874047 | Absolutism | A method of political rule in which all power is invested in a singular person or persons. Many monarchs across Europe utilized this method of rule to control religion and economics. Era: Absolutism (Periods 1 and 2) |  | 11 |
| 9926877612 | Heliocentrism | A theory developed by Nicolaus Copernicus that began the scientific revolution. This stated that the Earth circled around the sun, which challenged the long accepted theory of geocentrism (earth centered) Era: Scientific Revolution (Period 1) |  | 12 |
| 9926884511 | Cartesian Dualism | Descartes' view that all of reality could ultimately be reduced to mind and matter. Era: Scientific Revolution (Period 1) |  | 13 |
| 9926888793 | Rationalism | A major aspect of the enlightenment that stated that nothing should be submitted to faith alone, reason must be used to prove something. Era: Enlightenment (Period 2) |  | 14 |
| 9926894386 | Sensationalism | An idea created by John Locke that all thoughts and feelings are the result of sensory impressions Era: Enlightenment (Period 2) |  | 15 |
| 9926899598 | Capitalism | The economic ideology involving competitiveness, Laissez Faire, and free market. "The Invisible Hand". Developed by Adam Smith and also known as economic liberalism. Era: Enlightenment (Period 2, developed, and utilized onwards) |  | 16 |
| 9926904713 | Enlightened Absolutism | Also known as enlightened despot, this involves absolutist monarchs applying enlightenment principles to their ruling styles. Common actions included improving the lots of serfs, education, and expansion. Era: Agricultural Revolution (Period 2) |  | 17 |
| 9926913231 | Cameralism | The philosophy that stated that everything in a society should serve the state in some way. It was utilized by Frederick the Great as an enlightenment based decision due to its emphasis on rationality, progress, and utilitarianism. Era: Agricultural Revolution (Period 2) |  | 18 |
| 9926919360 | Proletarianism | The transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners. Things were made even worse by unemployment caused by advances in technology. Era: Agricultural Revolution (Period 2) |  | 19 |
| 9926922633 | Mercantilism | An economic system developed by Jean Baptiste Colbert that involves decreasing a country's input and increasing it's output to create economic success. Era: Absolutism (Period 1) |  | 20 |
| 9926932646 | Consumerism | Large use and purchasing of consumer goods that arose during the agricultural revolution. Early examples included fairs, blood sports, alcohol, etc. Era: Agricultural Revolution (Period 2) |  | 21 |
| 9926938846 | Liberalism | The principal ideas of this movement were equality and liberty; liberals demanded representative government and equality before the law as well as individual freedoms such as freedom of the press, speech, worship, and from arbitrary arrest. This was prevalent in 1815 France in Louis XVIII's Constitution Charter and in Britain with it's parliament. Era: Absolutism (Period 1) |  | 22 |
| 9926943100 | Nationalism | The combination of common language and tradition and popular sovereignty that created loyalty and a sense that a country is worth defending. Very common in the French Revolution and the Age of _____ (duh). Eventually, a distaste for this grew after WWII, thanks to its role in the war. Era: French Revolution (Period 2) |  | 23 |
| 9937817288 | Utilitarianism | The idea of Jeremy Bentham that social policies should promote the "greatest good for the greatest number." This lead Chadwick to believe that disease was the cause of poverty and that the government should do something about disease. Era: Agricultural Rev (Period 2) |  | 24 |
| 9937823162 | Feminism | An idea that promoted equal rights for women that had origins as early as the Renaissance's Great Debate About Women. Suffrage and equal pay movements have been experienced mainly past the industrial revolution. Era: Renaissance (Period 1) |  | 25 |
| 9937829512 | Darwinism | The belief developed by Charles Darwin that states that organisms slowly evolve through time through the process of natural selection. |  | 26 |
| 9937831957 | Social Darwinism | The oftentimes racist application of the theories of Darwin that stated that "survival of the fittest" applied to race and economics. |  | 27 |
| 9937834697 | Socialism | A backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of industrial society, and a move toward cooperation and a sense of community; the key ideas were economic planning, greater social equality, and state regulation of property. Heavy emphasis on the cruelties of capitalism. |  | 28 |
| 9937837929 | Utopian Socialism | The use of socialism to create schemes for social improvement. Examples included Blanc, Simon, and Fourier, each of whom's ideas ultimately ended up failing. |  | 29 |
| 9937842278 | Marxism | An influential political program based on the socialist ideas of German radical Karl Marx, which called for a working-class revolution to overthrow capitalist society and establish a Communist state. |  | 30 |
| 9937844496 | Romanticism | An artistic movement at its height from about 1790 to the 1840s that was in part a revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment, characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life. |  | 31 |
| 9937847259 | Scientific Racism | This describes the utilization of genetics and heredity to justify cruelty towards another race. The idea that race was a product of heredity was common during the late 19th century, and many people of many races had pride in their racial genetics. However this often led to the degradation of others. |  | 32 |
| 9937849391 | Revisionism | An effort by modern socialists to update Marxist doctrine to reflect the realities of the modern day. Ex. Bernstein |  | 33 |
| 9937852582 | Nativism | An effort by modern socialists to update Marxist doctrine to reflect the realities of the modern day. Ex. Bernstein |  | 34 |
| 9937856128 | Orientalism | A term coined by scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures. It's significance came upon its impact on European culture. The non-western races were looked upon as exotic and oftentimes inferior, and stereotypes of them were prevalent. It helped contribute to a European feeling of superiority. |  | 35 |
| 9937858261 | Popular Nationalism | The notion that one's nation is superior to all others. This ideology had a hand in beginning World War I as it caused more competition between nations and established that attempted peacemaking only caused more disputes. |  | 36 |
| 9937861963 | Nihilism | The idea that human life lacks meaning, truth, or purpose. A concept created through the works of Nietzsche that stated that various systems like liberalism and socialism were corrupt and designed to promote the weak instead of the strong. He warned that this was taking grip of modern Western society in his various works. |  | 37 |
| 9937865585 | Logical Positivism | A philosophy that sees meaning in things that can be proven through experimentation and science. Thus, ideas of religion, philosophy, etc. are considered nonsense. This idea was especially prevalent in English speaking countries and the most famous proponent of this concept was Wittgenstein. |  | 38 |
| 9937871177 | Existentialism | The philosophy that was popular in other non-English speaking countries that portrayed that life was meaningless and that it was important to find morality in an uncertain world. It was an atheist ideology that focussed on the loneliness of the world and coming to terms with the fear that comes from it. |  | 39 |
| 9937874123 | Christian Existentialism | An Age of Anxiety philosophy that combined existentialism with Christianity. While it does contain existentialism, there was a larger focus on the forgiveness of God rather than meaninglessnes |  | 40 |
| 9937878112 | Modernism | A term used to describe artistic movements during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in which elder methods and ideas were ousted in favor of experimentation. |  | 41 |
| 9937881497 | Functionalism | A popular architectural belief that took root during The Age of Anxiety that stated that buildings should serve mainly for their primary purpose: for people to use and live in. This lead to the rejection of mass ornamentation in favor of simpler designs. Ex. (Daisy's favorite school of architecture) |  | 42 |
| 9937885790 | Conservative Authoritarianism | The traditional form form of anti democratic government that was exercised by CTG and Metternich. This relied upon obedient bureaucracies in order to control society. The people were often granted personal independence when they didn't challenge the system as a result of it's lack of control over the lives of the populace. |  | 43 |
| 9937888262 | Totalitarianism | The idea of governing that involved total claims over the lives of citizens and taking control of many aspects of society. This began to develop following WWI in several countries like USSR, Germany, and Italy. Violence and propaganda are well known aspects. |  | 44 |
| 9937891823 | Fascism | A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, antisocialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military. Ex. Hitler and Mussolini |  | 45 |
| 9937893542 | Nazism | Essentially racist fascism. It combines the nationalistic ideals of fascism with extreme racism toward Jewish people, Slaves, homosexuals, and so called "crips". This movement swept over Germany in the 1930's and was the major reason for World War II. |  | 46 |
| 9937895792 | Terrorism | The utilization of acts of violence or attacks to scare people into conceding or joining a movement. This was unfortunately a common method of protest during the Demonstrations of 1968. Examples included the Red Brigade and the American Weather Underground. |  | 47 |
| 9937898562 | Neoliberalism | Philosophy of 1980's conservatives who argued for privatization of state-run industries and decreased government spending on social services. Ex. Margaret Thatcher |  | 48 |
| 9937901592 | Environmentalism | The idea that mother nature is sacred and must be protected at all costs. This movement sprung during the 1960's and 70's, inspired by the poem Silent Spring. Protests such as the storming of Copenhagen and parties such as the Green Party were examples of this. |  | 49 |
| 9937906634 | Developed Socialism | A term used by communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies, such as nationalized industry, collective agriculture, extensive social welfare programs, and class leveling (to an extent). |  | 50 |
