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| 9946052445 | Habsburg- Valois Wars | France vs. Habsburgs. France tried keeping GERMANY DIVIDED. Led to slow unification of German states. | 0 | |
| 9946052447 | Philip II | king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I, supported the counterreformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England | 1 | |
| 9946052449 | Battle of Lepanto | Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope | 2 | |
| 9946052450 | Dutch Revolt | (1566-79) Caused for religious reasons; Protestant Region in Northern Spanish Netherlands/Dutch Republic; they revolted against Spanish authority for political and religious independence from Spain | 3 | |
| 9946052451 | William of Orange | Ruler of the Netherlands who led a revolt for independence against Hapsburg Philip II of Spain. | 4 | |
| 9946052452 | United Provinces of the Netherlands | formed in 1581-Dutch Republic-received aid from Elizabeth I-major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining Catholicism throughout his empire | 5 | |
| 9946052453 | Spanish Netherlands | Seventeen provinces, (Belgium, Modern Netherlands, Luxemborg) which are basically the Low Countries. They are called low be cause they are below sea level, the are surrounded by dikes and wind mills. | 6 | |
| 9946052454 | Mary Tudor | daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558, persecuted Protestants; BLOODY MARY | 7 | |
| 9946052455 | Elizabeth I | This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of England | 8 | |
| 9946052456 | Spanish Armada | the great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588, failed | 9 | |
| 9946052457 | French Civil Wars | 9 wars in last half of 16th century-power struggle between 3 noble families for Crown after death of Henry II | 10 | |
| 9946052458 | Catherine de Medici | wife of Henry II, influenced her sons after the end of there father's rein. She placed an alliance with the ultra-Catholics (the militant Catholics), which was led by the second most powerful family in France, The Guise Family. She permitted the Guise Family their own independent army,which they would use to take out the other religions residing within the French Borders. This led to the civil wars in France and also the St. Bartholome's Day Massacre. | 11 | |
| 9946052459 | St. Bartholomew Day Massacre | Mass slaying of Huguenots (Calvinists) in Paris, on Saint Bartholomew's Day, 1572. | 12 | |
| 9946052460 | War of the Three Henrys | This was the last of the wars that occurred over the religious differences in France, between the Catholics (Henry III of France and Henry of Guise) and Protestants (Henry IV) | 13 | |
| 9946052461 | Henry IV | first Bourbon king-most important kings in French history-rise to power ended French Civil Wars-gradual course to absolutism-politique-converted to Catholicism to gain loyalty of Paris | 14 | |
| 9946052462 | Politique | A ruler who suppresses his or her religious designs for his or her kingdom in favor of political expediency. Examples: Elizabeth I (England), Henry IV (France). | 15 | |
| 9946052463 | Edict of Nantes | 1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants | 16 | |
| 9946052464 | Thirty Years' War | (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 17 | |
| 9946052465 | Bohemian Phase | The first phase of the Thirty Years' War which culminated in the Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain. | 18 | |
| 9946052466 | Defenestration of Prague | The throwing of Catholic officials from a castle window in Bohemia. Started the Thirty Years' War. | 19 | |
| 9946052467 | Danish Phase | The second phase of the Thirty Years' War in which the Catholic imperial army led by Albert of Wallenstein won a series of major victories against the Protestants. | 20 | |
| 9946052468 | Albrecht von Wallenstein | mercenary general who was paid by the emperor to fight for the HRE, he won many important battles against the Protestants. | 21 | |
| 9946052469 | Edict of Restitution | Imperial law that prohibited all Calvinist worship and restored Catholic ownership of land stolen by the Protestant Princes of the Reformation. | 22 | |
| 9946052470 | Swedish Phase | The third phase of the Thirty Years' War marked by Sweden's entrance into the war under King Gustavus Adolphus; during this phase, the Protestants began to defeat the Catholics on many fronts. | 23 | |
| 9946052471 | Gustavus Adolphus | joins Thirty Years' War in 1629, king of Sweden, Protestant leader, stands up for fellow Protestants, military genius, wins a lot for Protestant team; supported by Richelieu, who wants to end Hapsburg power; killed in 1632 at battle of Luetzen | 24 | |
| 9946052472 | French Phase | The fourth and final phase of the Thirty Years' War marked by France's entrance into the war on the side of the Protestants; this gave the Protestants the support needed to defeat the Catholics. | 25 | |
| 9946052473 | Cardinal Richelieu | This was the man who influenced the power of King Louis XIII the most and tried to make France an absolute monarchy | 26 | |
| 9946052474 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended Thirty Years' War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic | 27 | |
| 15394714875 | Death of Henry II in 1559 | Resulted in a power struggle between the Valois, Guise, and Bourbon (Huguenot) noble families | 28 | |
| 15394749734 | Who were the 3 leaders of the noble families involved in the power struggles | 1. Henry III-Valois-French King-Catholic (soft) 2. Henry of Guise - FANATICAL catholic 3. Henry of Navarre -Bourbon (Huguenot) - Calvinist | 29 | |
| 15394758374 | Huguenots | Bourbon Calvinists | 30 | |
| 15394763939 | Guise family | Anti- Bourbon and strongly Catholic | 31 | |
| 15394769670 | St. Bartholomew Day Massacre | 1. The marriage of Margaret of Valois to the Bourbon Henry of Navarre was meant to reconcile Catholics and Huguenots 2. Catherine de Médicis ordered the massacre if Calvinists in response to Henry of Guise had a leader of the Huguenot party murdered before the wedding 3. 20,000 Huguenots were killed by early october and the massacre initiated the "War of the Three Henrys" civil wars between the Valois, Guise, and Bourbons | 32 | |
| 15394782042 | Henry IV (of Navarre) | 1. His rise to power ended the French civil wars and placed France on a course towards absolutism 2. He was a 'politique '3. he converted from Calvinism to Catholicism to gain the loyalty of Paris | 33 | |
| 15394795746 | Edict of Nantes | In 1558, Henry IV granted a degree of religious toleration to the Huguenots and ushered in an era of religious pluralism by decreeing this document. | 34 |
