AP Europe. Reformation
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| 919646511 | "Priesthood of all believers" | part of Luther's reform ideas to dissolve the hierarchical structure of the church. | |
| 919646512 | 1521 | Diet of Worms, Charles V demands that Luther recants his writings | |
| 919646513 | 1530 | Augsburg Confession, completed Luther's break with the Church | |
| 919646514 | 95 Thesis | Written by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther displayed his displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of indulgences. | |
| 919646515 | Act of Succession | Passed in 1534 the Act validated the marriage of Henry and Anne, declared their offspring heirs to the throne, and effectively excluded Mary from the succession | |
| 919646516 | Act of Supremacy | A law by which King Henry VIII declared himself to be the supreme head of the Church in England in 1534 | |
| 919646517 | Anabaptists | These people believed that only adults could believe and accept baptism and therefore the baptism of infants was invalid. They considered themselves to be true Christians unblemished by sin and did not support violence but preferred peace and salvation | |
| 919646518 | Anglicanism | Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon, he wanted church lands and property to add to his treasury. The monarch of England now became the head of the Anglican Church as well. Created Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI), and one had to be Anglican to hold a government job until the late 19c. | |
| 919646519 | Avignon Papacy | the period of Church history from 1308 to 1378 when the popes lived and ruled in Avignon, France instead of in Rome | |
| 919646520 | Babylonian Captivity | he period when all popes were French and resided in Avignon, France, starting with Clement V. This angered Italians and led to the Great Schism. | |
| 919646521 | Calvinism | another Christian sect that was Pessimistic about man and optimistic about God. They had Strict interpretation of the Bible. (literal), They too rejected Papal authority and believed in Predestination. And Scorned pleasures as the idle activities which allowed the devil to influence one's actions; example no smoking. And the only "sacraments" were Baptism and the Eucharist. The common belief was the too much leisure time leads to sin. | |
| 919646522 | Church of England | was created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, because he wouldn't let Henry divorce Catherine of Aragon. | |
| 919646523 | Council of Constantine | Solved the Great Schism(1414-1418) | |
| 919646524 | Council of Trent | A church council formed by Pope Paul III to deal with problems caused by the Protestant Reformation | |
| 919646525 | Counter Reformation | changes within the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation; centered around the Council of Trent (1545-1563) | |
| 919646526 | Cuius Regio Eius Religio | a phrase in Latin translated as "Whose realm, his religion", meaning the religion of the ruler dictated the religion of the ruled. | |
| 919646527 | Defender of the faith | King Henry VIII defended the Seven Sacraments against Luther and received this title | |
| 919646528 | Defenestration of Prague 1419 | Bohemian (modern-day Czech) Protestants threw two of the Holy Roman emperor's Catholic officials out of windows, thus starting the Thirty Years War. | |
| 919646529 | Diet of Worms | A meeting summoned by Charles V that commanded Martin Luther to abandon his ideas. Luther refused and was branded an outlaw. | |
| 919646530 | Edict of Nantes | 1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship. | |
| 919646531 | Edict of Nantes | An agreement that ended French civil war and gave Huguenots freedom. | |
| 919646532 | Edict of Worms | decree issued by The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state | |
| 919646533 | Henry VIII | Is famous for having been married six times, his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. He established the Church of England in 1532. | |
| 919646534 | Holy Roman Empire | political organization in central Europe from 900-1806. It was called Roman because it was considered the successor to Rome and holy because it was emperor ruled over Christian territories. Essentially it was a German monarchy whose roots went back to the time of Charlemagne. | |
| 919646535 | Huguenots | French Calvinists | |
| 919646536 | Hundred Years War | War between England and France that began when King Edward III of England claimed the throne of France. | |
| 919646537 | Iconoclasm | deliberate destruction of religious icons and artworks. | |
| 919646538 | Ignatius of Loyola | Established the Jesuits (Society of Jesus), a holy order that was organized in a military fashion required all its members' blind obedience and absolute faith. | |
| 919646539 | Indulgences | Pope Leo X authorized the selling of indulgences, which were believed to be a way of removing sins, in order to raise money to build the St.Peters Church in Rome. | |
| 919646540 | Jan Hus | (late 1300s - early 1400s) preached in Bohemia, supported the idea of Utraquist. The Council of Constance burned him at the stake as a heretic. | |
| 919646541 | Jesuits | The Jesuits are a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola and recognized by Pope Paul III in 1540. Led by Ignatius, the Jesuits embarked on a crusade to defend and spread the Catholic faith worldwide. | |
| 919646542 | Johan Tetzel | He is a Priest (Friar) who was authorized by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences. | |
| 919646543 | John Calvin | A religious reformer who believed in predestination (that God knows before a person is born whether they are going to heaven or hell) and a strict sense of morality for society. | |
| 919646544 | John Calvin | an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation who developed a form of Protestantism. | |
| 919646545 | John Wycliff | criticized the corruption in the clergy. He challenged papal authority and called for Christianity to be supported by the Bible and the believer's own interpretation. | |
| 919646546 | League of Schmalkalden | Formed by newly protestant princes to defend themselves against the emperor. | |
| 919646547 | Lollards | Followers of Wyclef | |
| 919646548 | Lutheranism | A system of Christian doctrine based on the principles taught by Martin Luther. It is the world's largest Protestant denomination. | |
| 919646549 | Martin Luther | a German monk who started the Protestant reformation. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the Catholic Church's practices. Was not interested in political reform. | |
| 919646550 | Peace of Augsburg (1555) | was a treaty signed between Charles V, and the Schmalkaldic League. It allowed the princes to choose to be either Lutheran or Catholic. | |
| 919646551 | Peasant Revolts | were carried through Luther's ideas but using them out of context, Luther did not agree with the Peasant revolts since they rebelled against hierarchy | |
| 919646552 | Pluralism | the occupation of multiple church offices by the same person, but the duties are rarely performed. | |
| 919646553 | Politiques | political figures who put politics before religion; moderates of either Protestantism or Catholicism. | |
| 919646554 | Predestination | theological principle of Calvinists; states that God had previously decided who would be saved and who would be damned. | |
| 919646555 | Protestants | reformers who protested against the abuses of the Catholic church in the 16th century. | |
| 919646556 | Simony | selling of church offices | |
| 919646557 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Catholic attack on Calvinists on August 24th, 1572 led by Catherine de' Medici (St. Bartholomew's Day) where thousands of Protestants were slaughtered. | |
| 919646558 | The Council of Constance | It was called (1414-1418) to resolve the Great Schism and reform the church. | |
| 919646559 | The Diet of Speyer | it refused to recognize the rights of German princes to determine the religion of their subjects. | |
| 919646560 | The Great Schism | two popes were chosen; divided Europe; damaged church - people didn't know who to worship; ended with election of one new pope Urban of Rome & Pope Clement VII of France | |
| 919646561 | Thomas Cromwell | served as Henry VIII's chief minister from 1533 to 1540. He is most associated with the dissolution of the monasteries and the controversy that surrounded this event. He brought the Anglicans into power in parliament. | |
| 919646562 | Transubstantiation | the Catholic belief that in communion, bread and wine transform into the real blood and body of Christ. | |
| 919646563 | Ulrich Zwingli | (1484-1531) Swiss reformer, influenced by Christian humanism. He looked to the state to supervise the church. Banned music and relics from services. |
