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| 3936913 | __________ is a direct tax on the French peasantry. | Taille | |
| 3936914 | Bloody French peasant uprisings in the fourteenth century were known as __________. | Jacquerie | |
| 3936915 | Prince Vladimir of __________ received delegations from multiple religious groups who wished Russia to adopt their beliefs. | Kiev | |
| 3936916 | Joan of Arc was known as the "Maid of __________". | Orleans | |
| 3936917 | Papal power reached its height with the reign of Pope __________. | Innocent III | |
| 3936918 | Ghengis __________ invaded Russia in 1223. | Khan | |
| 3936919 | Giovanni Boccaccio wrote __________, his account of reactions to the Black Death. | Decameron | |
| 3936920 | After Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, __________ became, in Russian eyes, the "third Rome". | Moscow | |
| 3936921 | The __________ included the steppe region of what is today southern Russia. | Golden Horde | |
| 3936922 | __________ teaches that the efficacy of the Church's sacraments does not only lie in their true performance but also depends on the moral character of the clergy who administer them. | Donatism | |
| 3936923 | __________ means "rebirth" in French and was considered by most scholars to be a time of transition from medieval to modern times. | Renaissance | |
| 3936924 | Martin __________ was considered by some to be Erasmus's theological successor and posted 95 theses against indulgences in 1517. | Luther | |
| 3936925 | Cosmo de' __________ was the wealthiest Florentine and a natural statesman. | Medici | |
| 3936926 | __________ is the ability to act decisively and heroically. | virtu | |
| 3936927 | Julius came to be known as the "__________ pope," because he brought the Renaissance papacy to a peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue. | warrior | |
| 3936928 | Rudolf __________ is considered the "father of German humanism". | Agricola | |
| 3936929 | The __________ commanded an enormous empire in Peru. | Incas | |
| 3936930 | In the era of exploration that began in the fifteenth century, the Portuguese concentrated their efforts on the __________ Ocean, while the Spanish explored the Atlantic. | Indian | |
| 3936931 | __________ was the daughter of Henry VIII and was considered one of Europe's most exemplary rulers. | Elizabeth | |
| 3936932 | Niccolò __________ wrote The Prince in 1513. | Machiavelli | |
| 3936933 | __________ were military brokers through which mercenary armies could be obtained. | Condottieri | |
| 3936934 | The __________ is a large landed estate owned by persons originally born in Spain or persons of Spanish descent born in America. | hacienda | |
| 3936935 | The textbook discusses the guild for __________ as an example of a group that supported the Reformation for a variety of social, cultural, and (self-interested) economic reasons. | printers | |
| 3936936 | In April 1521, Luther refused to recant his beliefs in front of the __________. | Diet of Worms | |
| 3936937 | Anabaptists believed that __________ performed on a consenting adult conformed to Scripture and was more respectful of human freedom. | baptism | |
| 3936938 | Pope Leo X initially gave King Henry VIII the title "__________" because of Henry's vocal anti-Protestantism. | Defender of the Faith | |
| 3936939 | The western European family was conjugal, or __________; that is, it consisted of a father and a mother and two to four children who survived into adulthood. | nuclear | |
| 3936940 | Cervantes's most famous work is __________. | Don Quixote | |
| 3936941 | Dramatists working in England at the same time as Shakespeare include Thomas Kyd and Christopher __________. | Marlowe | |
| 3936942 | Sixteenth-century Puritans, known as __________, created an alternative national church of semiautonomous congregations governed by representative elders. | Presbyterians | |
| 3936943 | The election of __________ as Holy Roman Emperor sparked an international war. | Ferdinand II | |
| 3936944 | The Pacification of __________ followed the Spanish Fury and saw seven provinces (modern Netherlands) unify against Spain. | Ghent | |
| 3936945 | __________, though it had many adherents by the eve of the Thirty Years' War, had not been legally recognized by the Peace of Augsburg. | Calvinism | |
| 3936946 | The Council of __________ revised Church doctrine and condemned dogmatic Genevan Calvinism and Catholicism. | Trent | |
| 3936947 | The leader of the Netherlands resistance movement was William of __________. | Orange | |
| 3936948 | Sir Francis Drake's __________ of the globe between 1577 and 1580 was one in a series of dramatic demonstrations of English ascendancy on the high seas. | The outbreak of the __________ Years' War in 1618 made the international dimension of the religious conflict clear. | |
| 3936949 | Extreme Puritans, known as __________, wanted every congregation to be autonomous with neither episcopal nor presbyterian control. | Congregationalists | |
| 3936950 | By the time John Calvin died in __________ in 1564, the city had become a refuge for Protestants and a training ground for Protestant resistance to the Counter-Reformation. | Geneva | |
| 3936951 | On St. Bartholomew's Day, Catholics massacred 3,000 __________. | Huguenots | |
| 3937471 | The rising cost of __________ was an important reason European monarchs in the second half of the sixteenth century started needing more money. | warfare | |
| 3937472 | In the 1620s, a group of Protestant dissenters, feeling reformation would never go far enough in England, left the country and founded a new colony in __________. | Plymouth | |
| 3937473 | In 1603, __________, the son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, succeeded the childless Elizabeth to the throne of England. | James | |
| 3937474 | In an attempt to unite the English people behind the war in Holland, and as a sign of good faith to Louis XIV, Charles II issued the __________ in 1672. | Declaration of Indulgence | |
| 3937475 | One of the theoretical underpinnings of Louis XIV's absolutism was the concept of "divine right of kings," articulated most clearly by political theorist Bishop Jacques-Bénigne __________ . | Bossuet | |
| 3937476 | Despite its spectacular political failure in the rest of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the king of __________ led an army to rescue Vienna from a Turkish siege in 1683. | Poland | |
| 3937477 | Charles VI tried to ensure the future unity of the disparate Habsburg lands through a legal instrument called the __________. | Pragmatic Sanction | |
| 3937478 | In a practice known as __________, the Ottomans recruited their elite military forces from among Christian boys in the empire. | devshirme | |
| 3937479 | Roughly 80 percent of the victims of witch-hunts were __________, most single and aged over 40. | women | |
| 3937480 | The process that introduced systematic observation of nature, a mathematically rational conception of the world, and significant new theories in astronomy is commonly referred to as "The __________." | Scientific Revolution | |
| 3937481 | Copernicus adopted many elements of the Ptolemaic model, but transferred them to a __________ model that assumed that the Earth moved about the sun in a circle. | heliocentric | |
| 3937482 | Scientific __________ occurs when scientists draw and test hypotheses against empirical observations. | induction | |
| 3937483 | The most famous baroque painter was Michelangelo __________. | Caravaggio | |
| 3937484 | Because of the reluctance of universities to rapidly assimilate the new science, its pioneers established what have been termed "institutions of __________" that allowed information and ideas associated with the new science to be gathered, exchanged, and debated. | sharing | |
| 3937485 | Emilie du Chatelet helped __________ write a French popularization of Newton's science, because she knew more about math than he did. | Voltaire | |
| 3937486 | The condemnation of __________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions. | Galileo | |
| 3937487 | Art historians use the term __________ to denote the style associated with seventeenth-century painting, sculpture, and architecture. | baroque | |
| 3937488 | The eighteenth-century movement known as the __________ built upon the knowledge of groups associated with the new science. | enlightenment | |
| 3937489 | People who would sell their ideas, often improbable, to the highest bidder were known as __________. | projectors | |
| 3937490 | People involved in the movement for social reform called the __________ were among the few who considered change desirable. | Enlightenment | |
| 3937491 | The British nobility consisted of about __________ families. | 400 | |
| 3937492 | In France there were about __________ nobles. | 400,000 | |
| 3937493 | In preindustrial Europe, a __________ was a person - either male or female - who was hired, often under a clear contract, to work for the head of the household in exchange for room, board, and wages. | servant | |
| 3937494 | The household mode of organization was known as the __________ economy. | family | |
| 3937495 | In 1700, approximately half the arable land in England was farmed by the open-field method. By the second half of the 18th century, the rising price of wheat encouraged landlords to consolidate or __________ their lands to increase production. | enclose | |
| 3937496 | The single largest group in any city was composed of shopkeepers, wage earners, and __________. | artisans | |
| 3937497 | The single most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was the __________ engine, which - slowly, at first - found widespread application in a variety of industries. | steam | |
| 3937498 | The __________ was a separate community in which Jews were required to live. | ghetto | |
| 3937499 | Jews who __________ to Christianity gained political and social rights. | converted | |
| 3937500 | __________ and guns allowed Europeans to dominate the globe. | Ships | |
| 3937501 | The most profitable resource to be exported from the West Indies to Europe was __________. | sugar | |
| 3937502 | In response to the __________ Act, American colonists agreed to refuse to import British goods. | Stamp | |
| 3937503 | The War of the American Revolution effectively concluded in 1781 when the forces of George Washington defeated the army of Lord Cornwallis at __________. | Yorktown | |
| 3937504 | Maria Theresa ruled the __________ Empire. | Hapsburg | |
| 3937505 | Besides the Americas, France and Britain also fought for economic superiority of __________. | India | |
| 3937506 | Because traders and merchants of one nation always wanted to break the monopoly of another, the eighteenth century was the "golden age of __________". | smugglers | |
| 3937507 | The Treaty of __________ replaced the Bourbons of France on the Spanish throne. | Utrecht | |
| 3937508 | The British monarch during the American Revolution was King __________. | George III | |
| 3937509 | Adam Smith is associated with __________ economic thought and policy. | laissez-faire | |
| 3937510 | Ideas that were circulated in print became the basis for __________, the increasingly influential social force that came into existence sometime around the mid-eighteenth century. | reform | |
| 3937511 | __________ embodied a return to figurative and architectural models drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world. | neoclassicism | |
| 3937512 | The belief that the God who created rational nature must also be rational, and the religion through which that God is worshiped should be rational is called __________. | deism | |
| 3937513 | Unlike Spinoza, Mendelsohn wished to advocate religious toleration while genuinely sustaining the traditional religious practices and faith of __________. | Judaism | |
| 3937514 | The __________ were French economic reformers who prized agriculture, and believed the role of government should be to protect private property so owners could use it freely. | physiocrats | |
| 3937515 | In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu most admired the __________ constitution. | British | |
| 3937516 | Rousseau believed that __________ is more important than its individual members, because individuals are what they are only by virtue of their relationship to the larger community. | society | |
| 3937517 | The expanding literate public led to an increasingly influential social force called __________ . | public opinion | |
| 3937518 | Diderot and d'Alembert published the __________, which was an important source of knowledge about eighteenth-century social and economic life. | encyclopedia | |
| 3937519 | __________ closely identified God and nature and the spiritual and material worlds. | Spinoza | |
| 3937520 | __________ II, upon succession to the Austrian throne, eliminated most but not all of the reforms of his brother Joseph II. | Leopold |
