AP Euro Flash Cards
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| 9766779629 | The Renaissance | The period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual revival from 1300-1600; known as the beginning of modern history because it breaks from Medieval views. | 0 | |
| 9766779630 | Jacob Burckhardt | A 19th century historian who claimed the Renaissance period stood in distinct contrast to the Middle Ages. | 1 | |
| 9766779631 | The Medici Family | Most famous dynasty of merchants and bankers who used their wealth to govern city-states and patronize the arts. | 2 | |
| 9766779632 | Cosimo de Medici | Allied with other powerful families of Florence and became the unofficial ruler of the republic. | 3 | |
| 9766779633 | Lorenzo de Medici | Major patron of the arts. | 4 | |
| 9766779634 | Duchy of Milan | Major enemy of Florence throughout much of the Renaissance. | 5 | |
| 9766779635 | Peace of Lodi | 1454. Resulted in a balance of power and peace between Milan, Florence, and Naples that lasted until French invasions of the 1490s. | 6 | |
| 9766779636 | The Papal States | Controlled by the Renaissance Popes: Alexander VI (Borgia Pope), Julius II (Warrior Pope), and Leo X (Medici Pope). | 7 | |
| 9766779637 | Condottieri | Leaders of private armies hired by cities for military purposes. | 8 | |
| 9766779638 | Girolamo Savonarola | Established theocracy in Florence after removal of Medici familiy. | 9 | |
| 9766779639 | Niccolo Machiavelli | The Prince - Revolutionized politics by describing the methods to obtain and maintain power. Emphasized practical politics. | 10 | |
| 9766779640 | Humanism | Stress education, intellect, and individualism; emphasis on the unique and creative personality. Man wrote on human behavior, not religion. | 11 | |
| 9766779641 | Petrarch | Father of Humanism; Love Letters to Laura - First large group of writings unrelated to the Pope. | 12 | |
| 9766779642 | Leonardo Bruni | Wrote history of Florence; first to use the term "humanism." | 13 | |
| 9766779643 | Lorenzo Valla | On the False Donation of Constantine - Exposed false land claims of the Catholic Church. | 14 | |
| 9766779644 | Marsilio Ficino | Founder of the Platonic Academy. | 15 | |
| 9766779645 | Pico della Mirandola | Oration on the Dignity of Man - Emphasized humans are capable of achieving great things and are made in God's image. | 16 | |
| 9766779646 | Baldassare Castiglione | The Book of The Courtier - Emphasized ideas of the Renaissance Man: well read in classics, a gentleman, warrior, poet, musician, etc. | 17 | |
| 9766779647 | Johann Gutenberg | Printing Press - Facilitated the spread of humanistic literature to the rest of Europe. | 18 | |
| 9766779648 | Giorgio Vasari | Contemporary Renaissance art historian who detailed the lives of many Renaissance artists. | 19 | |
| 9766779649 | Pope Alexander VI | Commissioned a fortune in Renaissance art. Artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante received numerous commissions. | 20 | |
| 9766779650 | New Artistic Techniques | Perspective, proportion, chiaroscuro (light/ shadow), individualism, sfumato (blur/ sharpening of lines), Greek/ Roman influence. | 21 | |
| 9766779651 | Giotto | Considered the first real Renaissance artist. | 22 | |
| 9766779652 | Sandro Botticelli | Birth of Venus. |  | 23 |
| 9766779653 | Michelangelo | Brunelleschi's Dome, the Last Judgement. |  | 24 |
| 9766779654 | Raphael | School of Athens. |  | 25 |
| 9766779655 | Leonardo da Vinci | The Last Supper, Mona Lisa. |  | 26 |
| 9766779656 | Titian | Venus of Urbino. |  | 27 |
| 9766779657 | Ghiberti | The Gates of Paradise. |  | 28 |
| 9766779658 | Donatello | David. |  | 29 |
| 9766779659 | Filippo Brunelleschi | IL Duomo. |  | 30 |
| 9766779660 | Secularism | Emphasis on the here and now rather than the afterlife. | 31 | |
| 9766779661 | Individualism | A sense of human power replaced religious awe, people now valued involvement instead of piety. | 32 | |
| 9766779662 | Laura Creta | Well known humanist and feminist. Epistolae Familiars (Familiar Letters) - Criticism of 15th century gender bias. | 33 | |
| 9766779663 | Christian Humanism | Emphasis on early Church writings for answers to improve society, education, power of human intellect. | 34 | |
| 9766779664 | Erasmus | In Praise of Folly - Criticized immorality and hypocrisy of Church leaders and the clergy. | 35 | |
| 9766779665 | Thomas More | Utopia - Idea of an ideal society with harmony and order, but it lacked individual rights. | 36 | |
| 9766779666 | Jacques Lefevre d'Etables | Leading French humanist; produced five volumes of Psalms that challenged a single, authoritative Bible. | 37 | |
| 9766779667 | Skepticism | Doubt that true knowledge could be obtained. Believed the skeptic must be cautious, critical, and suspend judgement. | 38 | |
| 9766779668 | Cervantes | Don Quixote - Mocking the middle ages; critical of excessive religious idealism and chivalric romance. | 39 | |
| 9766779669 | Brueghel | Hunters in the Snow. |  | 40 |
| 9766779670 | Jan Van Eyck | Arnold Fini and His Bride. |  | 41 |
| 9766779671 | Albrecht Durer | The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. |  | 42 |
| 9766779672 | Bosch | Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights. |  | 43 |
| 9766779673 | Women in the Renaissance | Increased education, functioned as "ornaments" to their husbands and make themselves pleasing to the man, sexual-double standard imposed. | 44 | |
| 9766779674 | Christine de Pisan | The City of Ladies - chronological accomplishments of great women in history. | 45 | |
| 9766779675 | Isabella d'Este | Set an example for women to break away from their traditional roles, ruled after the death of her husband. | 46 | |
| 9766779676 | Nuclear Family | A married couple and their unmarried children living together, no extended family. | 47 | |
| 9766779677 | Dowries | The property a woman brings to her husband at marriage; major deciding factor in upper-class unions. | 48 | |
| 9766779678 | Witches | Mainly poor, older, single woman with no strong male influence in their lives, played largely in part by rampant misogyny. | 49 |
