Terms : Hide Images
| 550482609 | Ptolemy | Ancient Egyptian astronomer and geographer, geocentric system | |
| 550482610 | Copernicus | Polish mathematician and astronomer, heliocentric system, On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres | |
| 550482611 | Tycho Brahe | Danish astronomer, geocentric system, built most sophisticated observatory, detailed observations of new star | |
| 550482612 | Johannes Kepler | Brahe's student, German astronomer, mathematically proved heliocentric system, with elliptical orbits | |
| 550482613 | Galileo | Italian scientist, telescope, motion, inertia, Dialogues, condemned by Church | |
| 550482614 | Newton | English physicist, three laws of motion, Principia, gravity, calculus | |
| 550482615 | Francis Bacon | English, experimental methodology, empiricism, Novum Organum. Rather than rely on tradition, it is necessary to examine evidence from nature for knowledge. Propagandist for new experimental method. Gained knowledge through empirical research. Inductive | |
| 550482616 | Descartes | French, deductive thought, using reason to go from general to specific. "I think, therefore I am." Geometry. | |
| 550482617 | Pascal | Wanted to balance dogmatism with skepticism. Concluded it is better to wager on existence of God, rather than inexistence. | |
| 550482618 | Thomas Hobbes | Leviathan, proposed necessity for absolutism, and men want to destroy each other. Government has complete and total power. | |
| 550482619 | John Locke | Two Treatises on Government, man is free, government is needed to protect man and leave him his rights. Man is blank slate, tabula rasa. | |
| 550482620 | Philosophes | French thinkers of the Enlightenment | |
| 550482621 | The Enlightenment | Movement emphasizing reason, individualism, skepticism, rather than tradition | |
| 550482622 | Voltaire | Candide, deism, stayed in court of Frederick the Great | |
| 550482623 | David Hume | Scottish philosopher, atheist, argued that no evidence supported miracles at heart of Christianity, human mind is nothing but a bundle of impressions, "sense experience" | |
| 550482624 | Adam Smith | Economist, Wealth of Nations (1776) , wanted free market, capitalism, laissez-faire | |
| 550482625 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | The Social Contract, believed in democracy, wanted overall reform and use of the general will, great impact on child psychology and modern education | |
| 550482626 | Baron de Montesquieu | Spirit of the Laws, separation of powers, checks and balances, wanted aristocratic authority to limit royal absolutism, 3 branches of govt. | |
| 550482627 | Diderot | Encyclopedia, compiled by him. Spread enlightenment ideas internationally. | |
| 550482628 | Immanuel Kant | Greatest figure of German Enlightenment, argued against empirical knowledge, looked for reason past the use of reason | |
| 550482629 | Physiocrats | Economists of France | |
| 550482630 | Bernard de Fontenelle | French, made science witty and entertaining. Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds. | |
| 550482631 | Salons | French gatherings to discuss Enlightenment ideas | |
| 550482632 | Pierre Bayle | French Huguenot, influential skepticism, Dictionary. | |
| 550482633 | Madame du Châtelet | French woman, interested in science. Translated Newton's Principia into French | |
| 550482634 | Baron Paul d'Holbach | Argued that humans were completely determined by outside forces, religion was a foolish myth. Extreme atheism. System of Nature | |
| 550482635 | Marquis de Condorcet | Progress of the Human Mind, thought that there were nine stages of human progress, tenth would bring perfection | |
| 550482636 | Madame Geoffrin | Held a famous salon, gave generous aid to encyclopedists, godmother of the Encyclopedia | |
| 550482637 | Scientific Revolution | Reason, logic, science stuff | |
| 550482638 | David Ricardo | English stockbroker, iron law of wages- because of pop. Growth, wages would always sink | |
| 550482639 | Thomas Malthus | Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), growth of population > food supply. Must limit pop. Growth by marrying late | |
| 550482640 | Madame Condorcet | Translated Adam Smith | |
| 550482641 | Vesalius | Cut open body, human anatomy | |
| 550482642 | Deism | God is a clockmaker, sets people ticking and doesn't interfere | |
| 550482643 | Madame de Stael | Angered things didn't improve for women after French rev. | |
| 550482644 | Benedict/Baruch Spinoza | Tina- that Jewish dude |
