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| 224588783 | March of Brandenburg | Border states of HRE left to fend off heathen slavs in middle ages. Margrave(ruler) was one of 7 electors of HRE. From 1417 the electors from Brandenburg had always been from the Hohenzollern family. | |
| 224588784 | Drang Nach Osten | Drive to the East of German peoples from Elbe to Poland. German settlers moving eastwards had been replacing slavs. | |
| 224588785 | Hohenzollern | Electors of Brandenburg inherited Duchy of Prussia and later Pomerania and Pomerelia. Later acquisitions to west of Germany = little islands of Hohenzollern territory. | |
| 224588786 | Frederick William the Great Elector | (r.1640-1688) emerges in 1640 in midst of 30 YEARS' WAR. Hohenzollern and first of men to make modern Prussia. Realised must build up army(given geography and history). Goal to have but not use army - an army in being and when possible and necessary make use of BoP. Would be this that would help Fred III become Fred I in Prussia(Kingdom status). By Edict of Potsdam welcomed 20,000 Hugs. fleeing from LXIV(1685). | |
| 224588787 | Frederick I of Prussia | Not especially militarily oriented. Enjoyed cultural focus but did maintain army and helped HRE in War of Sp. Succession with 8,000 troops from reformed army and in exchange given status of KING IN PRUSSIA(less honorific than King of Prussia) : but soon changed to K of P. Prussia was the name they chose to call newly recognized kingdom. Now German king was above all other German princes in status. (Frederick III (elector) thus became Frederick I(King) in 1701 and remained so until his death in 1713) | |
| 224588788 | Prussian Military State | Military developed life of its own in Prussia - almost indep. of state. Large size disproportionate to size of state of Prussia. Older than the Prussian state itself. First of all Prussian institutions. | |
| 224588789 | Crown Domain | Prussian rulers' personal property. Drew over half state income from this and only half from taxes. Able to finance cost of civil govt from own income until mid 17th. C. But eventually needed new source of income and army participated in collecting this. Taxes went to build up army. | |
| 224588790 | Junkers | landed aristocracy of Prussia. Supplied officer class of army plus elite in civil service. Almost all officers were junkers. Added to "all Prussian" psychology of landed families of newly acquired territories. Frederick William I would use military training of young Junkers to fullest. Junkers accepted ruler's govt inexchange to continued hereditary subjection of peasants - serfdom maintained in Prussia. MC v. small and slow to grow because of domination ofJunkers. | |
| 224588791 | Frederick William I | 1713-1740, King of Prussia - prominence of army continued and increased in time of FWI. Was uncouth, miserly, anti-culture, obsessed with army. Cut expense of the royal household by 3/4. Loved army - always appeared in uniform. Gave most status to officers in court. Love of tall soldiers - Potsdam guard. New forms of discipline and maneuver, founded cadet corps to train sons of Junker class. Doubled size of army to 83,000. 1/5 of pop of Berlin were soldiers. Left to his son Frederick II(The Great) a big war chest and military establishment. Treatment of son Frederick as young boy was very harsh - militarization of him. | |
| 224588792 | Frederick II | 1740 same year as death in Austria of Charles VI. Frederick II would not observe the Pragmatic Sanction and invaded Silesia. Despite two wars over it was able to keep and thereby double size and population of Prussia. Increased size of army to 200,000 and established Prussia as a great power. |
