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| 6273348541 | Young Turks | Turkish nationalistic reform party in the 20th century, favoring reform of the absolute monarchy; ruled the Ottoman Empire until the end of WWI, suppported Germany | 0 | |
| 6273348542 | "sick man of Europe" | name given to the weakening Ottoman Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries |  | 1 |
| 6273348543 | Kaiser Wilhelm II | last German emperor who made Bismarck resign; vigrous imperialism; supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire; ineffective war leader |  | 2 |
| 6273348544 | Central Powers | composed of Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria; justified war because the assassination of the archduke was a violation to their power |  | 3 |
| 6273348545 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | was assassinated in Sarajevo before he could be crowned ruler of the area; his death helped spark WWI |  | 4 |
| 6273348546 | Second Balkan War | (1913) Bulgaria was dissatisfied with its shares in the First Balkan War; attacked Serbia and Greece but failed, so it had to give back its gains; Serbia gains a stronger military and nationalism | 5 | |
| 6273348547 | Entente Cordiale | series of agreements in 1904 between Britain and France, making the start of the alliance against Germany; Britain regains control of Egypt and France gets other lands |  | 6 |
| 6273348548 | Triple Entente | consisted of Russia, France, and Britain in 1907; counterweight to Triple Alliance; a.k.a. Allied Powers |  | 7 |
| 6273348549 | u-boats | early German submarines that kept sinking US ships; US wanted to enter WWI because of that |  | 8 |
| 6273348550 | Pan-Slavism | movement in the mid-19th century aimed to unify Slavic; political tool of Russia to control the Balkans | 9 | |
| 6273348552 | "self-determination" | allows people of similar backgrounds the right to their own state/nation; basis for many of the new countries formed after WWI but was overlooked in Poland and Yugoslavia | 10 | |
| 6273348553 | Paris Peace Conference | (1919) organized by the victors of WWI to negotiate the peace treaties between the Allied and Central powers; Treaty of Versailles signed with Germany |  | 11 |
| 6273348554 | Triple Alliance | consisted of Germany, Austria, and Italy; started in 1882; promised to all join in defense if attacked by a big power; secret alliances to France and Britain made it tricky to keep |  | 12 |
| 6273348555 | Splendid Isolation | popular 19th century foreign policy cnception in Britain under Disraeli and Salisbury; wanted to stay out of mainland Europe's affairs | 13 | |
| 6273348556 | Schlieffen Plan | German military tactic of WWI to attack Paris from its flank and then attack the Eastern Front once Paris is taken; failed due to Belgian defense and fast Russian mobilization |  | 14 |
| 6273348557 | trench warfare | a type of fighting after the Battle of the Marne in which soldiers would attack and gain trenches; there was a stalemate for about 4 years. Minor geographic gains. Eastern and Western Front |  | 15 |
| 6273348558 | Gallipoli Campaign | (1915) WWI campaign in the Ottoman Empire; Allies lost, but this caused the Turkish War of Independence and the downfall of the Ottoman Empire |  | 16 |
| 6273348559 | British naval blockade | Britain stopped goods going to support Germany | 17 | |
| 6273348560 | Western Front | created when Germany entered Belgium and Luxembourg; Battle of the Marne caused them to stop a march to the sea and start making trenches |  | 18 |
| 6273348561 | Fourteen Points | formulated by Woodrow Wilson as a blueprint for European peace after WWI; resulted in German surrender in hopes of a just peace, but France and Britain wanted them to pay more; stressed national self-determination and rights of small countries; freedom of the seas and free trade; League of Nations |  | 19 |
| 6273348562 | Georges Clemenceau | French PM of WWI who led France into total war and helped author the Treaty of Versailles (wanted harsh conditions on Germany) |  | 20 |
| 6273348563 | total war | when an entire country consecrates themselves to a war effort; production goes towards war supplies; government allowed to make decisions without regulated steps and stages | 21 | |
| 6273348564 | Woodrow Wilson | US president who led the US into WWI; proposed the Fourteen Points at the Conference of Versailles, but his ideas were largely ignored |  | 22 |
| 6273348565 | Zimmerman Note | sent from Germany to Mexico promising German aid if Mexico ever went to war with the US; made the US angrier |  | 23 |
| 6273348566 | Gavrilo Princip | young Serb extemist who had assassinated Archduke Ferdinand in hopes of a free Serbia |  | 24 |
| 6273348567 | Black Hand | ultra nationalistic Serb society; wanted Austrian affairs overthrown in Serbia; operated secretly within the Serbian government | 25 | |
| 6273348568 | Treaty of Versailles | after WWI; negotiated by the Big Three - France, GB, and US; -the "War Guilt Clause" of the Treaty of Versailles; Germany was fully responsible for WWI and must pay for it in full; huge reparation; lose all colonies and Rhineland; demilitarized | | 26 |
| 6273348569 | League of Nations | founded in 1919; Allies worked out terms for peace after WWI; precursor to the UN; Russia, US, and Germany didn't join; did very little | 27 | |
| 6273348570 | John Maynard Keynes | wrote "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" (1919) which argued for a more generous peace at the end of WWI. HIs ideas against complete laissez faire economics became the staple of most Western powers. State should be involved with the economy's "boom and bust" cycle. | 28 | |
| 6273348571 | Erich Remarque | wrote "All Quiet on the Western Front" (1929), which opposed war by showing battlefront conditions of WWI |  | 29 |
| 6273348573 | Battle of Verdun | (Feb-Dec 1916) German invasion against the French; longest and bloodiest battle; Britain tried to take Germany's attention away from here by attacking in the Somme |  | 30 |
| 6273348574 | Eastern front | started with Russia attacking Bulgaria; ended when Russia left WWI in 1917 |  | 31 |
| 6273348575 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | (1917) a treaty signed by Lenin and the Central Powers which marked Russia out of WWI; US joins the war in their place | 32 | |
| 6273348576 | "blank check" | (1914) Germany supported Austria's war declaration, but only because it wanted to widen German territory into most of the Austro-Hungarian Empire |  | 33 |
| 6273348577 | Balfour Note | (1917) a promise in WWI to make a Jewish homeland in Palestine; promised to both the Arabs and Jews, but Britain kept it as a mandate; thus there are tensions between the Arabs and Jews | 34 | |
| 6273348578 | First Balkan War | (1912) Serbia, Germany, and Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans; caused territorial issues | 35 | |
| 6273348579 | causes of WWI | caused by imperialism, nationalism, militarization, alliances | 36 | |
| 6273348580 | Easter Rebellion | (1916) armed insurrection in Ireland against British rule; helped Ireland gain independence |  | 37 |
| 6273348603 | Battle of the Somme | The main Allied attack against the German Empire on the French Western Front attack during 1916. The Battle of the Somme is famous chiefly on account of the loss of 58,000 British troops on the first day of the battle, 1 July 1916, which to this day remains a one-day record. Ends in November 1916. Over 1,000,000 men were killed or wounded. |  | 38 |
| 6273348604 | Battle of the Marne | September 1914 - The first major battle of WWI, the first major turning point in the war on the Western Front—the moment at which the German Empire (who had quickly taken over Belgium and Northern France) was stopped and began to retreat. There's no question the "Miracle on the Marne" saved France and the Allied cause—but neither it nor the dramatic battles which followed in the fall of 1914 were truly decisive, as they left the Germans in control of Belgium and most of France's industrial resources, foreshadowing a long, drawn-out conflict. |  | 39 |
| 6273348605 | Second Battle of the Marne - 4 | July to August 1918 - Last major German attack against the Allies in France. Due to American assistance, the Allies were able to counterattack and successfully defeat the Germans. This battle marks the beginning of the German retreat, in less than 4 months the German Empire will be completely defeated. | 40 | |
| 6273348606 | Battle of Jutland | May - June 1916 - was the only major naval surface engagement of World War I. Great Britain vs German navy. One of the first naval battles with steel battleships. Both sides claimed victory in this indecisive battle, though Britain retained control of the North Sea. -"Rule Britannia, Britannia rules the waves, Britain never, never, never shall be slaves." | 41 | |
| 6273348607 | Armenian Genocide - 5 | 1915-1923 - The Ottoman Empire systematically tried to eliminate their Armenian population. Of the 2 million Armenians who lived in the OE, over 1;5 million were killed during the WWI era. This genocide was eventually ended when the Ottoman Empire was dissolved in 1923. Armenia then became part of the USSR. |  | 42 |
