AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Exam Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13789775811AlliterationWhen two or more words in a phrase or line of poetry start with the same constant sound0
13789775812AllusionA figure of speech that alludes to a well known event, story, person or object1
13789775813ApostropheWhen writer or speaker speaks directly to a person, dead or not present or an inanimate object2
13789775814Assonancethe repetition of a vowel sound or diphthong in non-rhyming words.3
13789775815Blank VerseUnrhymed verse4
13789775816ColloquialUsed in or characteristic familiar and informal conversation (kind of, somewhat or rather)5
13789775817EnjambmentThe running over a sentence from one verse or couplet into another so that closely related words fall in different lines6
13789775818Figurative languageUses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and impactful7
13789775819Figure of speechA form of expression (like simile or metaphor) used to convey meaning or heighten effect by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has familiar meaning to the reader or listening8
13789775820HyperboleExtravagant exaggeration9
13789775821ImageryFigurative language in mental images10
13789775822LiteralFree from exaggeration and embellishment11
13789775823MetaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest likeness or analogy12
13789775824OnomatopoeiaThe naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (hiss, pop)13
13789775825OxymoronA combination of contradictory words (cruel kindness, kill em with kindness)14
13789775826PersonificationRepresentation of a thing or abstraction as a person or by the human form15
13789775827PlatitudeThe quality or state or being dull or insipid16
13789775828Poetic licenseThe freedom to depart from the facts of a matter or from the conventional rules of language when speaking or writing in order to create an effect17
13789775829ProseA literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer correspondence to the patterns of everyday speech18
13789775830SimileA figure of speech comparing two unlike things using like or as19
13789775831SonnetA fixed verse form of italian origin consisting of 14 lines that have 5-foot iambies rhyming according to a prescribed scheme20
13789775832Stream-of-consciousnessThe continuous unedited chronological flow of conscious experience through the mind21
13789775833SubjectiveThe characteristic of or belonging to reality as perceived rather than independent of mind22
13789775834SymbolSomething that stands for or suggests something else by association, convention or resemblance23
13789783526Alienationa withdrawing or separation of a person or a person's affections from an object or position of former attachment; a conveyance of property to another24
13789783527Anagnorisisthe point in the plot especially of a tragedy at which the protagonist recognizes his or her or some other character's true identity or discovers the true nature of his or her own situation25
13789783528Antagonistone that contends with or opposes another; an agent of physiological antagonism26
13789783529Catharsispurification or purgation of the emotions; a purification or purgation that brings about spiritual renewal or release from tension; elimination of a complex by bringing it to consciousness and affording it expression27
13789783530Climaxthe most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.28
13789783531Denouementthe final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work; the outcome of a complex sequence of events29
13789783532deus ex machinaa god introduced by means of a crane in ancient Greek and Roman drama to decide the final outcome; a person or thing (as in fiction or drama) that appears or is introduced suddenly and unexpectedly and provides a contrived solution to an apparently insoluble difficulty30
13789783533dramatic ironywhen a reader is aware of something that a character isn't; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the normal or expected result31
13789783534Elizabethanof, relating to, or characteristic of Elizabeth I of England or her reign32
13789783535Empathythe action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings; the imaginative projection of a subjective state into an object so that the object appears to be infused with it33
13789783536en medias resin the middle of things34
13789783537ExpositionA narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances; discourse or an example of it designed to convey information or explain what is difficult to understand35
13789783538Hubrisexcessive pride or self-confidence36
13789783539Hamartiatragic flaw37
13789783540King's Englishstandard, pure, or correct English speech or usage38
13789783541Melodramaa work (such as a movie or play) characterized by extravagant theatricality and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization39
13789783542Mimesisimitation40
13789783543mise en scenethe arrangement of actors and scenery on a stage for a theatrical production41
13789783544Monologuea dramatic sketch performed by one actor42
13789783545Nihilisma viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless43
13789783546Peripeteiaa sudden or unexpected reversal of circumstances or situation especially in a literary work44
13789783547Pleonasmthe use of more words than those necessary to denote mere sense45
13789783548Prosethe ordinary language people use in speaking or writing;46
13789783549prose rhythma literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer correspondence to the patterns of everyday speech47
13789783550Protagonistthe principal character in a literary work (such as a drama or story)48
13789783551Personaa character assumed by an author in a written work49
13789783552Provincialnarrow-minded; one living in or coming from a province50
13789783553Soliloquythe act of talking to oneself51
13789783554static characterA character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end52
13789783555stock characterthe stereotyped character in which he is immediately known from typical characters in history53
13789783556Stock Situationoften-used incidents or sequences of actions54
13789783557Tragedy (Aristotle)"Tragedy is a representation of a serious, complete action which has magnitude, in embellished speech . . . [represented] by people acting and not by narration; accomplishing by means of pity and terror the catharsis of such emotions."55
13789783558Victoriantypical of the moral standards, attitudes, or conduct of the age of Victoria especially when considered stuffy, prudish, or hypocritical56
13789804391Apostrophethe addressing of a usually absent person or a usually personified thing rhetorically57
13789804392Assonancerelatively close juxtaposition of similar sounds especially of vowels; repetition of vowels without repetition of consonants used as an alternative to rhyme in verse58
13789804393Blank verseunrhymed verse; unrhymed metrical poetry59
13789804394Carpe diemthe enjoyment of the pleasures of the moment without concern for the future; the reader should make the most of life60
13789804395Cinquaina 5-line stanza61
13789804396Couplettwo successive lines of verse forming a unit marked usually by rhythmic correspondence, rhyme, or the inclusion of a self-contained utterance62
13789804397Elegya song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially for one who is dead; something (such as a speech) resembling such a song or poem63
13789804398Enjambmentthe running over of a sentence from one verse or couplet into another so that closely related words fall in different lines64
13789804399Euphonyleasing or sweet sound; a harmonious succession of words having a pleasing sound65
13789804400Feminine rhymedouble rhyme in verses with feminine endings (as motion, ocean)66
13789804401Heroic coupleta pair of rhyming iambic pentameters67
13789804402Hyperboleextravagant exaggeration (such as "mile-high ice-cream cones")68
13789804403Iamba metrical foot consisting of one short syllable followed by one long syllable or of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable69
13789804404Iambic Pentametera line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable70
13789804405Imageryfigurative language that produces mental images; author's use of vivid language to add depth to their work71
13789804406Masculine rhymea monosyllabic rhyme or a rhyme that occurs only in stressed final syllables (such as claims, flames or rare, despair)72
13789804407Metaphorfigure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics73
13789804408Implied metaphortype of metaphor that compares two unlike things without mentioning one of them. For example, "Elise finally lured Adam into her web."74
13789804409Extended metaphora comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph, or lines in a poem. It is often comprised of more than one sentence, and sometimes consists of a full paragraph75
13789804410Controlling metaphora symbolic story, where the whole poem may be a metaphor for something else; motif76
13789804411Synecdochea figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole (such as fifty sail for fifty ships), the whole for a part (such as society for high society), the species for the genus (such as cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (such as a creature for a man), or the name of the material for the thing made (such as boards for stage)77
13789804412Metonymya figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated (such as "crown" with "King+ Queen")78
13789804413Octavethe first eight lines of an Italian sonnet; a musical interval embracing eight diatonic degrees79
13789804414onomatopoeiathe naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (such as buzz, hiss)80
13789804415Oxymorona combination of contradictory or incongruous words (such as cruel kindness)broadly; something (such as a concept) that is made up of contradictory or incongruous elements81
13789804416Parallelismrepeated syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect82
13789804417Personificationattribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.83
13789804418Quatraina unit or group of four lines of verse84
13789804419Sesteta stanza or a poem of six lines85
13789804420Similea figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as86
13789804421Sonneta fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of 14 lines that are typically 5-foot iambics rhyming according to a prescribed scheme87
13789804422Italian or Petrarchana sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abba abba and a sestet rhyming in any of various patterns88
13789804423English or Shakespeareana sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a final couplet with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.89
13789804424Spondeea metrical foot consisting of two long or stressed syllables90
13789804425Symbolan arbitrary or conventional sign used in writing or printing relating to a particular field to represent operations, quantities, elements, relations, or qualities91
13789804426Conventional Symbolwidely recognized signs or sign systems that signify a concept or idea that all members of a group understand based on a common cultural understanding92
13789804427Contextual Symbola setting, character, action, object, name, or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings93
13789804428Synaesthesiaa concomitant sensation especially a subjective sensation or image of a sense (as of color) other than the one (as of sound) being stimulated94
13789804429Litotesunderstatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary95
13789804430Terza Rimaa verse form consisting of tercets usually in iambic pentameter in English poetry with an interlaced rhyme scheme (such as aba, bcb, cdc)96
13789804431Rhyme Royala stanza of seven lines in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of ababbcc97
13789804432Terceta unit or group of three lines of verse; one of the 3-line stanzas in terza rima; one of the two groups of three lines forming the sestet in an Italian sonnet98
13789804433Sestinaa lyrical fixed form consisting of six 6-line usually unrhymed stanzas in which the end words of the first stanza recur as end words of the following five stanzas in a successively rotating order and as the middle and end words of the three verses of the concluding terce99
13789804434Internal rhymerhyme between a word within a line and another either at the end of the same line or within another line100
13789804435Consonanceharmony or agreement among components101
13789823100Horatian satireAfter the Roman satirist Horace: Satire in which the voice is indulgent, tolerant, amused, and witty. The speaker holds up to gentle ridicule the absurdities and follies of human beings, aiming at producing in the reader not the anger of a Juvenal, but a wry smile102
13789823101Juvenalian satireAfter the Roman satirist Juvenal: Formal satire in which the speaker attacks vice and error with contempt and indignation Juvenalian satire in its realism and its harshness is in strong contrast to Horatian satire.103
13789823102Parodyan imitation of a particular writer, artist, or genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect104
13789823103Caricatureexaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics105
13789823104Burlesquea literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration or comic imitation106
13789823105Witthe ability to relate seemingly disparate things so as to illuminate or amuse107
13789823106Epigrama concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought108
13789823107Sarcasma sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain109
13789823108Reparteea quick and witty reply110
13789823109Allusionan implied or indirect reference especially in literature111
13789823110Tone: vocal or musical sound of a specific quality112
13789823129Irony113
13789823111Verbal Ironywhen words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean114
13789823112Situational Ironyoccurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead.115
13789823113Dramatic Ironywhen a reader is aware of something that a character isn't; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the normal or expected result116
13789823114Socratic Ironypretended ignorance in discussion117
13789823115Cosmic Ironyfate and destiny, or even gods, control and play with human hopes and desires118
13789823116LiteralFree from exaggeration and embellishment119
13789823117Figurativerepresenting by a figure or resemblance120
13789823118Pessimisman inclination to emphasize adverse aspects, conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst possible outcome121
13789823119Misanthropicof, relating to, or characteristic of a misanthrope (a person who hates or distrusts humankind)122
13789823120Optimisma doctrine that this world is the best possible world123
13789823121Philanthropistsone who makes an active effort to promote human welfare124
13789823122Pollyannaa person characterized by irrepressible optimism and a tendency to find good in everything125
13789823123Double entendreambiguity of meaning arising from language that lends itself to more than one interpretation126
13789823124Farceto improve or expand (something, such as a literary work) as if by stuffing127
13789823125Lampoona harsh satire usually directed against an individual128
13789823126Punthe usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound129
13789823127Slapsticka style of humour involving exaggerated physical activity which exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy130
13789823128Tall talea story that is very difficult to believe, a greatly exaggerated story131

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!