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| 13763507782 | functions of blood | transportation, regulation, protection | 0 | |
| 13763518309 | Blood transports | oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and hormones | 1 | |
| 13763522183 | blood regulates | homeostasis of all body fluids, pH, body temperature and water content of cells | 2 | |
| 13763530723 | blood protects | against excessive loss by clotting and against infections through the use of white blood cells. | 3 | |
| 13763558171 | Hemoglobin | The oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells, a globular protein. | 4 | |
| 13763579699 | how hemoglobin carries oxygen | each molecule is rich with iron, binds to oxygen in lungs and is carried throughout body | 5 | |
| 13763722979 | antigens on red blood cells | An individuals blood type (A,B,AB,O) is determined by the presence or absence of | 6 | |
| 13763735839 | antigens and white blood cells | The basis for most immune responses is the encounter between | 7 | |
| 13763742780 | antibodies and white blood cells | These are the two parts of the body's immune system that fight foreign invaders. | 8 | |
| 13763831673 | IgD antibodies | Monomer 0.2% of serum antibodies In blood, in lymph, and on B cells On B cells, initiate immune response Half-life = 3 days | 9 | |
| 13763841371 | IgE antibodies | Monomer 0.002% of serum antibodies On mast cells, on basophils, and in blood Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms Half-life = 2 days | 10 | |
| 13763855744 | IgG antibodies | Monomer 80% of serum antibodies Fix complement In blood, lymph, and intestine Cross placenta Enhance phagocytosis; neutralize toxins and viruses; protects fetus and newborn Half-life = 23 days | 11 | |
| 13763864459 | IgM antibodies | Pentamer 5-10% of serum antibodies Fix complement In blood, in lymph, and on B cells Agglutinate microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection Half-life = 5 days | 12 | |
| 13763869609 | IgA antibodies | Dimer 10-15% of serum antibodies In secretions Mucosal protection Half-life = 6 days | 13 | |
| 13763894390 | myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells | all formed elements of blood | 14 | |
| 13763905134 | hemoragic anemia | Loss through bleeding | 15 | |
| 13763908958 | hemolitic anemia | breaking down red blood cells too fast | 16 | |
| 13763916755 | aplastic anemia | failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow | 17 | |
| 13763922125 | pericious anemia | lack of B12 | 18 | |
| 13763935532 | thalassemia anemia | hereditary deficiency of hemoglobin | 19 | |
| 13763940010 | sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape | 20 | |
| 13764025874 | homeostatic mechanisms | body temperature, body fluid composition, blood sugar, gas concentrations, and blood pressure. | 21 | |
| 13764092420 | Layers of the heart-from outside to the inside | -Parietal Pericardium -Epicardium -Myocardium -Endocardium |  | 22 |
| 13764184658 | chambers in heart contract first | left and right atrium | 23 | |
| 13764249552 | chambers in heart contract second | left and right ventricles | 24 | |
| 13764288597 | lub and dup sound of heart | valve closures | 25 | |
| 13764307691 | heart valves |  | 26 | |
| 13764356132 | Heart Blood Flow Pathway |  | 27 | |
| 13764378206 | heart depolarization |  | 28 | |
| 13764412970 | germinal center | bcells | 29 | |
| 13764434523 | t cell boot camp | thymus | 30 | |
| 13764473051 | Body's first line of defense | skin and mucous membranes | 31 | |
| 13764480955 | Body's second line of defense | Operates when pathogens penetrate the skin or mucous membranes Composed of cells, antimicrobial chemicals, and processes Many of these components are contained or originate in the blood | 32 | |
| 13764494427 | Body's third line of defense | Lymphocites, antibodies | 33 | |
| 13764507897 | symptoms of inflammation | redness, heat, swelling, pain | 34 | |
| 13764522703 | specific defenses | Immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents. | 35 | |
| 13764527362 | non-specific defenses | attack any antigen not recognized as 'self' | 36 | |
| 13764550115 | membranes of the lungs | Visceral pleura (inner), parietal pleura (outer) region between membranes = interpleural space, contains thin layer of fluid pressure differential between interpleural space and lungs keeps the lung inflated and prevents collapse | 37 | |
| 13764592002 | layers of respiratory membrane | -Thin layer of fluid lining the alveolus -Alveolar epithelium (simple squamous epithelium -Basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium -Thin interstitial space -Basement membrane of the capillary endothelium -Capillary endothelium composed of simple squamous epithelium | 38 | |
| 13764603414 | atelectasis | collapsed lung | 39 | |
| 13764669146 | pnuemothorax | air in the pleural cavity | 40 | |
| 13764720763 | acini | structure in pancreas that secrete digestive juices into the duodenum | 41 | |
| 13764793039 | islets | in the pancreas, produce glucagon | 42 | |
| 13764878300 | small intestine | Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place | 43 | |
| 13764887393 | Kupffer cells | macrophages in the liver | 44 | |
| 13764897949 | Path of the digestion of the food | mouth teeth tongue pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus | 45 | |
| 13764966359 | organic sources of energy | proteins, fats, and carbs | 46 | |
| 13764978392 | most important in post absorptive state | maintaining blood glucose when not eating | 47 | |
| 13765040244 | good lipids | HDL | 48 | |
| 13765066719 | co2 | glucose metabolism waste | 49 | |
| 13765204771 | urea | waste product of protein metabolism | 50 | |
| 13765294292 | ketone bodies | waste product of lipid metabolism | 51 | |
| 13765338958 | Urine formation steps | glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |  | 52 |
| 13765357980 | mascula densa | Modified cells in DCT that function as chemoreceptors or osmoreceptors. They are sensitive to the ionic content and water volume passing through the DCT, and would accordingly signal the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete rennin. | 53 | |
| 13765372424 | juxtaglomerular cells | The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure. | 54 | |
| 13765381827 | Aldosterone function | Increases resorption of sodium from DCT, leading to increased water retention and plasma volume | 55 | |
| 13765388363 | Alkolosis | pH above 7.45 | 56 | |
| 13765397950 | Acidosis | pH below 7.35 | 57 | |
| 13765446622 | Gonadotropins | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | 58 | |
| 13765464641 | Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. | 59 |
