Terms : Hide Images
| 8274111704 | transduction | the translation of incoming stimuli into neural signals(neural impulses from the sense travel first to the thalamus and then on to different cortices of the brain.. the sense of smell is the one exception to this rule) | 0 | |
| 8274116547 | sensory adaptation | decreasing responsiveness to stimuli due to constant stimulation (for example we eventually stop perceiving a persistent scent in a room) | 1 | |
| 8274120407 | sensory hibituation (perceptual adaptation) | our perception of sensation is partially determined by how focused we are on them (for example no longer hearing traffic from the nearby freeway after having lived in a place for years) | 2 | |
| 8274125352 | cocktail-party phenomenon | if you are talking with a friend and someone across the room say your names, your attention will probably involuntarily switch across the room | 3 | |
| 8274125353 | sensation | occurs when one of our senses are activated by something in our enviornment..occurs before the process of perception | 4 | |
| 8274128349 | perception | the brain's interpretation of sensory messages (occurs after the process of sensation).. the process of understanding and interpreting sensations | 5 | |
| 8274128350 | energy senses | the senses of vision, hearing, and touch (gather energy in the form of light, sound waves, and pressure, respectively | 6 | |
| 8274131873 | chemical senses | the sense of taste and smell.. these senses work by gathering chemicals) | 7 | |
| 8274131874 | vision | dominate sense in human beings. sighed people use vision to other info about their environments | 8 | |
| 8274136007 | cornea | protective covering on the front of the eye (helps focus light) | 9 | |
| 8274136008 | pupil | opening in the center of the eye, similar to the shutter of a camera, (muscles (iris) that control the pupil open it to let more light in and also make it smaller to let less light in) | 10 | |
| 8274139132 | lens | focuses light that enters the pupil, curved and flexible in order to focus the light, as the light passes through the lens, the images are flipped upside down and inverted, the focused inverted image projects on the retina | 11 | |
| 8274139133 | retina | like a screen on the back of your eye, as light passes through the lens, the image is flipped upside down and projected on the retina... special neurons in the retina are activated by light and send impulses along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain | 12 | |
| 8274141642 | optic nerve | nerve leading from the retina that carries impulses to the occipital lobe of the brain (the optic nerve is divided into two parts, impulses for the left of each retina go to the left hemisphere of the brain, and those from the right of each retina go to the left side of the brain | 13 | |
| 8274141643 | occipital lobe | location of the visual cortex, part of the brain that processes vision and sensations, receives impulses via the optic nerve | 14 | |
| 8274146107 | feature detectors | perception researches Hubel and Wiesel discovered that groups of neuron in the visual cortex respond to different types of visual images, | 15 | |
| 8274146108 | visible light | color is perceived due to a combination of different factors which include.. light intensity (energy it contains and how bright) and also light wavelength (determines hue) | 16 | |
| 8274149996 | rods and cones | special neurons in the retina that are activated by light (cones = color) (rods = light) | 17 | |
| 8274153656 | bipolar cells and ganglion cells | they make up different layers of the retina....light activates rod and cone cells... rods and cones send signal to the next layer of the cells in the retina: bipolar cells...bipolar cells send signals to the next layer of cells in the retina: ganglion cells...ganglion cells send signals to the brain through the optic nerve | 18 | |
| 8274153657 | fovea | indentation at the center of the retina, where cones are concentrated.. when the light is focused onto your fovea you see the color..peripheral vision, especially at extremes, relies on rods and is mostly in black and white...fovea vision, focusing light on the fovea, results in the sharpest and clearest visual perception | 19 | |
| 8274157832 | blind spot | the spot on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the retina and there are no rods or cones.. we cannot detect objects in our blind spot, but our brains and the movement of our eyes accomadate for the blind spot, so we usually dont notice it | 20 | |
| 8274159976 | trichromatic theory | a theory of color vision (the other theory is an oppenent-process theory)... we have three types of cones in the retina : ones that can detect blue red and green | 21 | |
| 8274163740 | color blindness | induviduals with dichromatic color blindness cannot see either red/green/blue/or yellow shade... momochromatic color blindness see only shades of gray | 22 | |
| 8274167430 | opponnent- process theory | 23 | ||
| 8274167431 | hearing | 24 | ||
| 8274167432 | sound waves | 25 | ||
| 8274170845 | cochlea | 26 | ||
| 8274170846 | pitch theorys | 27 | ||
| 8274175199 | nerve deafness | 28 | ||
| 8274175200 | touch | 29 | ||
| 8274179096 | gate-control theory | 30 | ||
| 8274182604 | taste (gustation) | 31 | ||
| 8274186481 | smell (olfacation) | 32 | ||
| 8274186482 | vestibular sense | 33 | ||
| 8274191591 | kinesthetic sense | 34 | ||
| 8274191592 | absolute threshold | 35 | ||
| 8274197102 | subliminal messages | 36 | ||
| 8274197103 | difference threshold | 37 | ||
| 8274201232 | webers law | 38 | ||
| 8274201233 | signal detection theory | 39 | ||
| 8274211568 | top-down processing | when we use top down, we perceive by filling gaps in what we sense (occurs when you use your background knowledge to fill in gaps in what you perceive..our experiences create a schema, mental representations of how we expect the world to be. our schema influence how we perceive the world... schemas can create a perceptual set, which is a predisposition to perceiving something in a certain way) | 40 | |
| 8274215918 | perceptual set | our experience creates schemata, mental representations of how we expect the world to be. our schemata influence how we perceive the world (schema can create a perpetual set, which is a predisposition to perceiving something in a certain way.. for example, you may perceive a could as being shaped like a heart around valentines day) | 41 | |
| 8274218645 | bottom up processing | opposite of top-down processing (intead of using our experience to perceive an object, we use only the features of the object itself to build a complete perception ( we startour perception at the bottoms with the induvidual charateristic of the image and pull all those charteristics together into our final perception. our minds build the pictyure from the bottom up using basic charateristics) | 42 | |
| 8274218646 | gestalt rules | developed by a group of researchers from the early 20th century who described the principled that govern how we perceive groups of objects(based on an observation that we normally perceive groups, not as isolated elements(believed to be innate and inevitable)) | 43 | |
| 8274221437 | constancy | every object we see changes minutely from movement to movement due to our changing angle of vision, variations in light, and so on (our ability to maintain a constant perception of an object despite these changes(types include size, shape,brightness constancy)) | 44 | |
| 8274221438 | size constancy | objects close to our eyes will produce bigger images on our retinas, but we take distance into account in our estimations of size (ex. we keep a constant size in mind for an object and know that it does not grow or shrink in size as it moves closer or farther away) | 45 | |
| 8274227047 | shape constancy | objects viewed from different angles will produce different shapes on our retinas, but we know the shape of an object remains constant (ex. the top of a coffee mug viewed from a certain angle will produce an elliptical image on our retinas, but we know the top is circular due to shape and constancy) | 46 | |
| 8274232964 | bright constancy | we perceive objects as being a constant color even as the light reflecting off the object changes (ex. we will perceive a brick wall as a brick red even as the daylight fades and the actual colo reflected from the wall turns gray) | 47 | |
| 8274236763 | depth cues | monocular- depth cues that do not depend on having two eyes (ex. shading,texture gradient, linear perspective) binocular- cues that depend on having two eyes (ex. retinal disparity and convergence) | 48 | |
| 8308195077 | step one of vision | light is reflected off objects | 49 | |
| 8308195078 | step two of vision | reflected light coming from the object enters the eye through the cornea and pupil, is focused by the lens, and is projected on to the retina where specialized neurons are activated by the different wavelengths of light | 50 | |
| 8308199897 | step three of vision | transduction occurs when light activates the special neurons in the retina and sends impulses along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain | 51 | |
| 8308202708 | step four of vision | impulses from the left side of each retina go to the left hemisphere of the brain, and those from the right side of each retina go to the right side of the brain | 52 | |
| 8308205560 | step five of vision | visual cortex receives the impulses from the retina, which activate feature detectors for verticle lines, curves, motion, among others, (we perceive a combination of this feature) | 53 |
