8931271866 | Tiberius Gracchus | promised to help farmers by redistributing farmlands | 0 | |
8931271867 | Gaius Gracchus | he gave grain to the poor, opened up more lands for farmers and secured the rights of the middle class | 1 | |
8931271868 | Spartacus | promised to free 90,000 slaves from Italy | 2 | |
8931271869 | Gen. Marcus Licinius Crassus | killed Spartacus and crucified 6,000 slaves | 3 | |
8931271870 | Gaius Marius | recruited poor citizens as soldiers and promised them money | 4 | |
8931271871 | Lucius Cornelius Sulla | Marius' greatest rival he tried to restore the Senate's authority dictator for 82 years | 5 | |
8931271872 | Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Julius Caesar | the first triumvate | 6 | |
8931271873 | Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavian | the second triumvate | 7 | |
8931271874 | Augustus Ceasar | title given to Octavian | 8 | |
8931271875 | Octavian | Ceasar's step-son first emperor of Rome | 9 | |
8931271876 | Pax Romana | period in Rome characterized of peace and prosperity | 10 | |
8931271877 | Julio-Claudian Dynasty | the next four emperors related to Augustus that lacked his abilities | 11 | |
8931271878 | Tiberius | Augustus' stepson he ran the empire well but violence started to become common in Roman politics again | 12 | |
8931271879 | Caligula | cruel and insane assassinated by the Imperial guards who then chose Claudius as emperor | 13 | |
8931271880 | Claudius | a peaceful scholar who restored order and backed military expedition in Britain | 14 | |
8931271881 | Nero | Claudius' stepson ran the empire well in the beginning but was violent in the end Rome was burned and he blamed it on the Christians killed himself when the army rebelled against him | 15 | |
8931271882 | Vespacian | restored discipline, put down uprisings in Gaul and Judaea | 16 | |
8931271883 | Titus and Domitian | sons of Vespasian | 17 | |
8931271884 | Nerva | a respected senator, introduced adoptive system which was followed by other emperors until 180 AD which ensured the succession of competent rulers or good emperors. he adopted Trajan | 18 | |
8931271885 | Trajan | Roman Empire reached its greatest size during his rule. He brought Mesopotamia and other lands under the Roman rule | 19 | |
8931271886 | Hadrian | secured empire rather than addig territory. He encouraged people to join the army. He suppressed a Jewish revolt and imposed harsh punishment against the rebels | 20 | |
8931271887 | Marcus Aurelius | last of the emperors chosen by the adoptive system, he followed the Stoic philosophers. He concentrated on border wars. He abandoned the adoptive system | 21 | |
8931271888 | Lucius Aurelius Commodus | Marcus' son, not fit to rule, his succession marked the end of Pax Romana | 22 | |
8931271889 | paterfamilias | had absolute authority of the household | 23 | |
8931271890 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who divided the empire to make empire easier to govern | 24 | |
8931271891 | Constantine | built Constantinople as the capital of Rome | 25 | |
8931271892 | Rome loses its citizens' confidence and loyalty, The army deteriorates, The population declines, The empire has weak economy, Roman cities decline | 5 causes of decline of the Roman Empire | 26 | |
8931458321 | Cornelia | mother of the Gracchus brothers | 27 | |
8931458322 | Livia | wife of Augustus | 28 | |
8931458323 | Empress Julia Domna | governed rome when her son, Emperor Caracalla was fighting outside | 29 | |
8931458324 | Litterator | teacher in reading and writing | 30 | |
8931458325 | Calculator | teacher in arithmetic | 31 | |
8931458326 | Virgil | Wrote the Aeneid | 32 | |
8931458327 | Horace | Romans must follow the Greek ideal of moderation | 33 | |
8931458328 | Ovid | spoke for the upper-class of the Empire | 34 | |
8931458329 | Juvenal | criticized the Roman society | 35 | |
8931458330 | Ptolemy:Almagest | summed up knowledge in Astronomy | 36 | |
8931458331 | Galen | his works were basos for Western medical knowledge | 37 | |
8931458332 | Aurelius | most famous stoic | 38 | |
8931458333 | 39 |
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