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10734685620BureaucracyA system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials0
10734691231Conference committeestemporary committees whose members are appointed by the Speaker of the House and the presiding officer of the Senate, created to work out a compromise on House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation1
10734696701Congressional OversightPower used by Congress to gather information useful for the formation of legislation, review the operations and budgets of executive departments and independent regulatory agencies, conduct investigations through committee hearings, and bring to the public's attention the need for public policy2
10734708054executive agreementan agreement between the president and the leader of another country3
10734711308GerrymanderingProcess of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.4
10734714838House Rules CommitteeAn institution unique to the House of Representatives that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full House.5
10734721838incumbentAn officeholder who is seeking reelection.6
10734740077independent agencyfederal board or commission that is not part of any cabinet department7
10734745623iron triangles (subgovernments)A network of groups within the American political system that exercise a great deal of control over specific policy areas. They are composed of interest group leaders interested in a particular policy, the government agency in charge of administering that policy, and the members of congressional committees and subcommittees handling that policy.8
10734761752Issue networksan alliance that may contain scholars, interest groups, executive agency staff, and legislative staff members9
10734766527Joint CommitteesA joint committee is a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature. In other contexts, it refers to a committee with members from more than one organization.10
10734783139judicial activismA judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process.11
10734788253LogrollingAn agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills12
10734793286Pork Barrellinglegislation designed to make government benefits, including jobs and projects used as political patronage, flow to a particular district or state13
10734799243Senate Judiciary CommitteeStanding Senate committee charged with reviewing judicial affairs, including federal court nominations.14
10734804684standing committeeA permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area15
10734811704War Powers Resolution of 1973a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.16
10734814623Ways and Means CommitteeThe House of Representatives committee that, along with the Senate Finance Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole.17

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