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| 11270222842 | Historical background of interest groups | Interest groups have often been viewed with suspicion. In Federalist #10, James Madison warned against the dangers of "factions." | 0 | |
| 11270227751 | Interest groups serve several important functions. They: | ♦ raise awareness and stimulate interest in public affairs by educating their members and the public ♦ represent their membership, serving as a link between members and government ♦ provide information to government, especially data and testimony useful in making public policy ♦ provide channels for political participation that enable citizens to work together to achieve a common goal | 1 | |
| 11270244764 | influencing elections | encouraging members to vote for candidates who support their views, influencing party platforms and the nomination of candidates; campaigning and contributing money to parties and candidates through political action committees (PACs) | 2 | |
| 11270247821 | Lobbying | Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact. | 3 | |
| 11270265601 | direct lobbying | using personal contacts between lobbyists and policymakers | 4 | |
| 11270269604 | grassroots lobbying | interested group members and others outside the organization | 5 | |
| 11270272412 | litigation | groups often take an issue to court if they are unsuccessful in gaining the support of Congress; this strategy was used successfully by the NAACP to argue against segregation during the 1950s | 6 | |
| 11270283162 | going public | appealing to the public for support by bringing attention to an issue or using public relations to gain support for the image of the interest group itself | 7 | |
| 11270287632 | Political Action Committees (PACs) | The campaign finance reforms of the 1970s prohibited corporations and labor unions from making direct contributions to candidates running for federal office. Political action committees (PACs) were formed as political arms of interest groups | 8 | |
| 11270317284 | Regulation of Interest Groups | The first major attempt to regulate lobbying came in 1946 with the passage of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act, requiring lobbyists to register with the clerk of the House of Representatives and the secretary of the Senate if their principal purpose was to influence legislation. | 9 | |
| 11270328737 | One-Party System | A political system in which only one party exists | 10 | |
| 11270330624 | Two-Party System | An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections. | 11 | |
| 11270333890 | Multi-Party System | exist when several major parties and a number of minor parties compete in elections, and any of the parties stands a good chance of winning. | 12 | |
| 11270343533 | a PARTY IDENTIFICATION AND MEMBERSHIP | ideology ♦ education ♦ income ♦ occupation ♦ race or ethnicity ♦ gender ♦ religion ♦ family tradition ♦ region of the country ♦ marital status | 13 | |
| 11270352733 | g | 14 |
