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| 10613892539 | The Seven Perspectives of Psychology | neuroscience, evolutionary, behavior genetics, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, social-cultural | 0 | |
| 10613892540 | 1) Evolutionary focuses on instincts and inherited, universal reactions and behaviors, survival, and gene inheritance | dfd | 1 | |
| 10613892541 | 2) Social-Cultural focuses on cultural/group influences on thought and behavior | 2 | ||
| 10613892542 | 3) Behavioral focuses on how behavior are learned and reinforced | 3 | ||
| 10613892543 | 4) Biology/Neuroscience all feelings have an organic root; behaviors come from brain, body chemistry, etc | 4 | ||
| 10613892544 | 5) Psychodynamic focuses on the unconscious mind with childhood influences on adulthood affecting behavior | 5 | ||
| 10613892545 | 6) Cognitive focuses on mental processes (memory, language, problem solving, emotions, and decision making) | 6 | ||
| 10613892546 | 7) Humanistic emphasizes the role of motivation on thought and behavior; potential for growth and "self actualization" | 7 | ||
| 10613892547 | Philosophies in Psychology | 8 | ||
| 10613892622 | 1) | Structuralism vs. Functionalism- Structuralism is the building blocks/ structure of psychological experience ( certain fundamental structures that could explain overall behavior) | 9 | |
| 10613892623 | 2) | Nativism vs. Empiricism | 10 | |
| 10613892548 | Nativism: product of our genetics, nature, reliance on aptitude testings and universal/shared tendencies | 11 | ||
| 10613892549 | Empiricism- product of the environment, nurture, and reliance on observation and experimentation for psychological data collection | 12 | ||
| 10613892624 | 3) | Nature vs. Nurture | 13 | |
| 10613892550 | Psychology Perspectives in the 20th Century | 14 | ||
| 10613892625 | 1) | Psychodynamics | 15 | |
| 10613892626 | 2) | Behaviorism | 16 | |
| 10613892627 | 3) | Humanism | 17 | |
| 10613892628 | 4) | Gestalt: led by max wertheimer, they focused not on how we feel, but on how we experience the world. The whole experience can be more than the sum of its parts. | 18 | |
| 10613892629 | 5) | Eclectic the seven perspectives ( psychologists pick and choose what theories to use depending on the situation and the client/ patient) | 19 | |
| 10613892630 | 6) | Bio-Psycho-Social | 20 | |
| 10613892551 | Psychology's Occupations | 21 | ||
| 10613892631 | 1) | Clinical studies, assesses, and treats people w psychological disorders (clinical research) | 22 | |
| 10613892632 | 2) | Counseling helps people cope w academic, vocational, and marital challenges (applied research) | 23 | |
| 10613892633 | 3) | Educational studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings (basic research) | 24 | |
| 10613892634 | 4) | Industrial-Organization (I/O) studies and advises on behavior in the workplace (applied research) | 25 | |
| 10613892552 | Basic Research to expand the general knowledge base of psychology | 26 | ||
| 10613892553 | Applied Research: to solve a specific psychological problem/ issue. | 27 | ||
| 10613892554 | Clinical Psychology: to solve the issues involved with psychological disorders | 28 | ||
| 10613892555 | Psychology vs. Psychiatry | 29 | ||
| 10613892556 | Psychologist is a person trained, educated to perform psychological research, testing, and therapy. Psychiatrist is a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness | 30 | ||
| 10613892557 | Critical Thinking/Theory | 31 | ||
| 10613892558 | Hindsight Bias tendency after an event occured to overestimate one's ability to predict the outcome | 32 | ||
| 10613892559 | False Consensus Effect opinion that is mistakenly thought is right and more people would agree | 33 | ||
| 10613892560 | Confirmation Bias :the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories | 34 | ||
| 10613892561 | Overconfidence thinking one can do better than one actually can | 35 | ||
| 10613892562 | Theory an explanation, through an integrated set of principles, that organizes and predicts behaviors or events | 36 | ||
| 10613892563 | Hypothesis a testable and refutable statement about the relationship between two or more variables | 37 | ||
| 10613892564 | Independent and Dependent Variables | 38 | ||
| 10613892565 | Independent is manipulated by experimenter, usually focus of the study; Dependent is measured or observed and influenced by IV | 39 | ||
| 10613892566 | Confounding Variable extraneous factors that may unintentionally affect dependent variables | 40 | ||
| 10613892567 | Operational Definitions set of precisely outlined steps which allows for the repetition of an experiment | 41 | ||
| 10613892568 | Replication | 42 | ||
| 10613892569 | Scatterplot graph showing data for two or more variables as coordinates in a cartesian system of 2 or more cases | 43 | ||
| 10613892570 | Correlation (Positive, Negative or No) | 44 | ||
| 10613892571 | One score increases while another decreases in negative correlation | 45 | ||
| 10613892572 | Scores go up/down together in positive correlation | 46 | ||
| 10613892573 | No correlation in illusory correlation | 47 | ||
| 10613892574 | Correlation does NOT equal Causation correlation does not explain if none factor causes or is caused by the other | 48 | ||
| 10613892575 | Correlation Coefficient measure of the direction and the extent of the relationship between two sets of scores | 49 | ||
| 10613892576 | Statistical Significance allows researcher to understand if their results are due to the variables they manipulated and controlled in the experiment or if some other element are affecting the results; 95 percent of the data is not due to chance | 50 | ||
| 10613892577 | Illusory Correlation no such relationship exists | 51 | ||
| 10613892578 | Sampling | 52 | ||
| 10613892579 | Randomization every single member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the study | 53 | ||
| 10613892580 | Control, Experiment, Placebo Group/Condition | 54 | ||
| 10613892581 | Control no treatment given, serves as basis for comparison | 55 | ||
| 10613892582 | Experiment exposed to treatment | 56 | ||
| 10613892583 | Placebo inert and has no active agents | 57 | ||
| 10613892584 | Double-blind Procedure vs. Single-blind: double blind means subject and experimenter are unaware of placement. Single blind means only subject is unaware of assignment. | 58 | ||
| 10613892585 | Placebo Effect a placebo improves a patient's condition simply because the person has the expectation that it will be helpful | 59 | ||
| 10613892586 | Survey: a method for collecting information or data as reported by individuals. This is called self report data which means individuals provide information. | 60 | ||
| 10613892587 | Case Study: a type of observational data collection technique in which one individual is studied in great depth in order to identify behavioral, emotional, or cognitive qualities as compared to others. Example: face to face interview, paper and pencil tests | 61 | ||
| 10613892588 | Experimentation | 62 | ||
| 10613892589 | Naturalistic Observation: researcher allows behavior to occur without interference or intervention. For example, observing animals in their own environment without being noticed | 63 | ||
| 10613892590 | Correlational Study a single number describes the degree of relationship between 2 variables | 64 | ||
| 10613892591 | APA Ethical Considerations in Psychological Studies | 65 | ||
| 10613892592 | Beneficence and Nonmaleficence , Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's Rights and Dignity | 66 | ||
| 10613892593 | 18 years or older otherwise parental consent | 67 | ||
| 10613892594 | Debrief if not told orginal purpose of experiemnt | 68 | ||
| 10613892595 | Do not use mentally disabled people | 69 | ||
| 10613892596 | Look these up | 70 | ||
| 10613892597 | Probability: a branch of mathematics that studies the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems | 71 | ||
| 10613892598 | Mean, Median, and Mode (3 Types of Central Tendency) | 72 | ||
| 10613892599 | Mean is average. Median is middle. Mode is most occuring. | 73 | ||
| 10613892600 | Range or Array (of Numbers) | 74 | ||
| 10613892601 | Differential vs. Inferential Statistics | 75 | ||
| 10613892602 | Normal Distribution: a symmetrical spread of numbers that form a bell shaped curve. In a normal distribution the mean, median, and mode are equal and the same amount of numbers falls above the m,m,m as below. ( height, blood pressure, and iq scores) | 76 | ||
| 10613892603 | Skewed Distribution (Positively and Negatively) | 77 | ||
| 10613892604 | Positive: more people did bad and few outliers drag data to postive | 78 | ||
| 10613892605 | Negative skewed: more people did good and few outliers drag data to negative end | 79 | ||
| 10613892606 | Standard Deviation- a measure of variation indicating the typical distance between the scores of a distribution and the mean | 80 | ||
| 10613892607 | Lower standard deviation: data tends to be close to the mean | 81 | ||
| 10613892608 | Higher standard deviation indicates data is spread of a large range of values | 82 | ||
| 10613892635 | 1) | 1st s = 68% | 83 | |
| 10613892636 | 2) | 2nd s = 95% | 84 | |
| 10613892637 | 3) | 3rd s = 99% | 85 | |
| 10613892638 | 86 | |||
| 10613892639 | 87 | |||
| 10613892609 | Key Figures: | 88 | ||
| 10613892610 | Be able to tie them to their philosophy and/or perspective: | 89 | ||
| 10613892611 | Charles Darwin | 90 | ||
| 10613892612 | Sigmund Freud | 91 | ||
| 10613892613 | William James: american who founded a laboratory at harvard and took a functionalist approach. Went against Vundt. Wanted to know why certain behaviors are more common than others and why certain behaviors influence us in certain ways. Lead to evolutionary psychology. He said that consciousness is continous and that it cannot be " cut up into different structures". He wanted to study more the function of the brain not the structure of it. | 92 | ||
| 10613892614 | J. B. Watson | 93 | ||
| 10613892615 | Ivan Pavlov | 94 | ||
| 10613892616 | B.F. Skinner | 95 | ||
| 10613892617 | Wilhem Wundt and Edward Titchener | 96 | ||
| 10613892618 | Wilhem Wundt- german scientist who founded a laboratory in Leipzing that took a structuralist approach to psychology. | 97 | ||
| 10613892619 | Wundt and Titchener were colleagues who used introspection to learn what was going through people's minds when they were completing certain tasks). Introspection is one's own account of their feelings and perception, however it is not always accurate. For example, some people may lie or give inaccurate answers. | 98 | ||
| 10613892620 | Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers | 99 |
