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| 11279399166 | Metabolism | the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |  | 0 |
| 11279399167 | valence electrons | Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |  | 1 |
| 11279399168 | atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | 2 | |
| 11279399169 | atomic weight | the number of protons plus the number of neutrons | 3 | |
| 11279399170 | ionic bonds | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another and the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds | 4 | |
| 11279399171 | covalent bond | A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. | 5 | |
| 11279399172 | polar covalent bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally | 6 | |
| 11279399173 | non polar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge | 7 | |
| 11279399174 | hydrogen bond | A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. | 8 | |
| 11279399175 | Major elements | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus | 9 | |
| 11279399176 | Lesser Elements | Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron | 10 | |
| 11279399177 | Trace elements are | cobalt, zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese. They are required in only very small amounts and essential for life. | 11 | |
| 11279542500 | water molecule | H2O = 2 hydrogen atoms(+), 1 oxygen atom(-),oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive. Also, its universal solvent. | 12 | |
| 11279542501 | Buffers | substances that minimize changes in pH. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH | 13 | |
| 11279542502 | Cations | An ion with one or more positive charges. | 14 | |
| 11279542503 | Anions | ions with a negative charge. | 15 | |
| 11279568313 | rate of reaction | measure of how fast a chemical reaction occurs | 16 | |
| 11279573011 | Cocentration gradient | molecules moving from high to low concentration | 17 | |
| 11279583755 | pH balance | hydrogen ion concentration. 0-6 is an acid, the lower the more concentrated. 7 is neutral. 8-14 is basic. The higher the more concentrated. | 18 | |
| 11279616545 | strong acid | an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution | 19 | |
| 11279623082 | weak acid | an acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution | 20 | |
| 11279631119 | monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides | 3 types of carbohydrates |  | 21 |
| 11279634840 | glucose, sucrose, fructose | name 3 examples of monosaccharides |  | 22 |
| 11279657597 | hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water (H2O) |  | 23 |
| 11279666342 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water(H2O) molecule. |  | 24 |
| 11279726650 | Electrolyte | An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current. electrically charged atoms or ions | 25 | |
| 11279735626 | saturated fatty acid | A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton. | 26 | |
| 11279751876 | saturated and unsaturated fatty acids | Saturated fatty acids: -Single bonds between C atoms; maximum number of H -Solid animal fats, e.g., butter Unsaturated fatty acids: -One or more double bonds between C atoms -Reduced number of H atoms -Plant oils, e.g., olive oil | 27 | |
| 11279760425 | amino acids | monomers of proteins/building blocks of proteins. | 28 | |
| 11279766127 | potential energy | stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object | 29 | |
| 11279768590 | cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | 30 | |
| 11279774645 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | main energy source that cells use for most of their work. | 31 | |
| 11279780999 | Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions. Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. by reducing activation energy | 32 | |
| 11279794408 | hormone | the secretion of an endocrine gland that is secreted into and transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect |  | 33 |
| 11279817002 | Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another | 34 | |
| 11279819669 | Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | 35 | |
| 11279822450 | Hydrophilic | Attracted to water | 36 | |
| 11279830255 | Hydrophobic | Water fearing | 37 | |
| 11279833107 | amphilicity | regions on the same molecule exhibiting different affinities for two contacting phases. Attracted to and fearing of water. DETERGENT |  | 38 |
| 11279870200 | active site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. |  | 39 |
| 11279880920 | Cell Organelles | the parts of the cell that perform life functions | 40 | |
| 11279886248 | Cell membrane (plasma membrane) | phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |  | 41 |
| 11280001166 | Cytoplasm | liquidy protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. Helps hold the cell's organelles in place. |  | 42 |
| 11280018469 | Nucleus | Stores the DNA and RNA, coordinates the cell's activities, responsible for growth and reproduction. |  | 43 |
| 11280034774 | nucleolus | Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes |  | 44 |
| 11280046845 | Ribozomes | RNA molecules that function as enzymes and makes proteins for the cell to use |  | 45 |
| 11280054868 | Lysosomes | Containing digestive enzymes used to Digest worn out cell parts and unwanted substances. Break down waste into simple compounds for other organelles to use |  | 46 |
| 11280074651 | Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, Convert oxygen and nutrients into ATP (energy) |  | 47 |
| 11280078764 | Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) - originates from the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and extends in a continuous network through cytoplasm; rough due to ribosomes; proteins synthesized and shunted into the ER for packaging and transport; first step in secretory pathway |  | 48 |
| 11280132047 | Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) - closed tubular network without ribosomes; functions in nutrient processing, synthesis, and storage of lipids |  | 49 |
| 11280142695 | Golgi apparatus | Modifies proteins and fats built in the cell and prepares them for storage or transports them outside the cell |  | 50 |
| 11280149827 | Peroxisomes | Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals. Digest toxic materials in the cell |  | 51 |
| 11280165598 | Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Stores waste products and maintains the PH level of the cell |  | 52 |
| 11280163119 | Centrioles | Help the cell divide during mitosis and meiosis in animal cells only. |  | 53 |
| 11280183456 | secretory vesicles | Releases/secretes materials from the cell, usually waste from inside the cell to outside the cell by exocytosis. |  | 54 |
| 11280193637 | Microvilli | Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most dense in small intestine and kidney. Absorb nutrients for the cell and help with cell movement |  | 55 |
| 11280203058 | Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement. Provides structural support for the cell |  | 56 |
| 11280208989 | Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure. - Provide structural support for the cytoskeleton and connect to chromosomes during cell division |  | 57 |
| 11280220298 | Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton. Provide structural support for the cytoskeleton |  | 58 |
| 11280242496 | specialized cells | cells uniquely suited to perform a particular function. | 59 | |
| 11280250226 | unspecialised cells | A cell that can give rise to one or more different types of specialized cells, such as blood cells and nerve cells. |  | 60 |
| 11280281090 | Cell differences | shape, size, and organization | 61 | |
| 11280295683 | Animal and plant cells are | Eukaryotic (With a nucleus) |  | 62 |
| 11280322620 | Organism without a nucleus | prokaryote(Without a nucleus) Bacteria |  | 63 |
| 11280346336 | Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |  | 64 |
| 11280352613 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |  | 65 |
| 11280370093 | passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. (Facilitated, osmosis and diffusion) |  | 66 |
| 11280390915 | active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. (Mitochondrion & Hydrogren Ion Pump) |  | 67 |
| 11280405518 | Filtration | a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |  | 68 |
| 11280451275 | mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |  | 69 |
