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| 11647587462 | Civil Liberties | Rights that belong to everyone and are guaranteed by the constitution, bill of rights, 14th Amendemnet, legislative actiojs, and court decisions. | 0 | |
| 11647587463 | Establishment Clause | The first amendment has been interpreted to mean that there is separation between church and state, preventing the government from supporting religion over another | 1 | |
| 11647587464 | Lemon Test | established standards for measuring separation of church and state | 2 | |
| 11647587465 | There are three classification of speech | pure speech, symbolic speech, and speech plus | 3 | |
| 11647587466 | The right to free speech is not absolute | Speech may be regulated if national security is at stake; fighting words and obscenity are not protected forms of free speech. The Internet has not been regulated. | 4 | |
| 11647587467 | Freedom of the press | is often protected because it is closely related to free speech. Press includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. | 5 | |
| 11647587468 | First Amendment | Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition | 6 | |
| 11647587469 | Due Process Clause | The Due Process clause of the 14th Amendment was used to extend the right to bear arms to the states in the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments provide for the protection of private property. | 7 | |
| 11647587470 | The constitution makes no mention of the right to privacy | however, the Supreme Court ruled that such a right exists under the Constitution. | 8 | |
| 11647587471 | Several amendments of the bill of rights address the rights of those accused of | crimes, including the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment extends those protections to apply to the states. | 9 | |
| 11647587472 | Civil rights are the | the positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. | 10 | |
| 11647587473 | The civil rights movement began after the civil war | with African Americans striving to gain political, social, and economic equality. | 11 | |
| 11647587474 | discriminatory practices | were used by the states to prevent political participation by African Americans. These practices included black codes and Jim Crow laws. | 12 | |
| 11647587475 | A positive step for African Americans came with | with the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in which the Supreme Court overturned the Plessy "separate but equal" ruling | 13 | |
| 11647587476 | The success of the African American civil rights movement | have encouraged other minorities, such as Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, to call for an end to discrimination. | 14 | |
| 11647587477 | Women have also worked to end discrimination by | Their successes include gaining the right to vote and protections against employment discrimination | 15 | |
| 11647587478 | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | forbids discrimination against people with disabilities. | 16 | |
| 11647587479 | Affirmative Action | controversial policy designed to correct the effects of past discrimination. | 17 | |
| 11647587480 | civil rights | protections granted by the government to prevent discrimination against certain groups | 18 | |
| 11647587481 | writ of habeas corpus | A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody. | 19 | |
| 11647587482 | Bills of attainder | is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial | 20 | |
| 11647587483 | ex post facto law | a law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed | 21 | |
| 11647587484 | self-incrimination | testifying against oneself | 22 | |
| 11647587485 | double jeopardy | Being tried twice for the same crime | 23 | |
| 11647587486 | Incorporation | A process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local governments | 24 | |
| 11647587487 | symbolic speech | an act that conveys a political message | 25 | |
| 11647587488 | Gideon v. Wainwright | A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government. Must have attorney | 26 | |
| 11647587489 | Wisconsin v. Yoder | Amish children do not have to go to school until they are 16---they may stop after the 8th grade | 27 | |
| 11647587490 | Free Exercise Clause | A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. | 28 | |
| 11647587491 | pure speech | the verbal expression of thought and opinion before an audience that has chosen to listen | 29 | |
| 11647587492 | prior restraint | government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast | 30 | |
| 11647587493 | substantive due process | Constitutional requirement that governments act reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits what a government may do. | 31 | |
| 11647587494 | Procedural Due Process | Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power. | 32 | |
| 11647587495 | eminent domain | Power of a government to take private property for public use. | 33 | |
| 11647587496 | New York Times v. US | The President argues that the publication of the Pentagon Papers is in violation of executive privilege. Result: The barring of the publication of these papers is in violation of the 1st A. Publication does not imperial the public. | 34 | |
| 11647587497 | McDonald v. Chicago | Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states | 35 | |
| 11647587498 | exclusionary rule | improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial | 36 | |
| 11647587499 | Miranda v. Arizona | Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. | 37 | |
| 11647587500 | Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal | 38 | |
| 11647587501 | Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. | 39 | |
| 11647587502 | Affirmative Action | A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities | 40 | |
| 11647587503 | Equal Protection Clause | 14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination | 41 | |
| 11647587504 | Tinker v. Des Moines***** | Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive | 42 | |
| 11647587505 | Gitlow v. New York | established selective incorporation of the Bill of rights; states cannot deny freedom of speech; protected through the 14th amendment | 43 | |
| 11647587506 | Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court's judicial activism. | 44 | |
| 11647587507 | Roe v. Wade | (1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy | 45 |
