10556735770 | Father of Anatomy | Andreas Vesalius 1543 | 0 | |
10556735771 | Anatomy | branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts and how they are organized. | 1 | |
10556735772 | Physiology | the functions of body parts (what they do and how they do it). | 2 | |
10556735773 | Levels of organization | Atoms → molecules → macromolecules → organelles → cells → tissue → organs → organ system → organism (simplest to most complex) | 3 | |
10556735774 | movement | change in position of the body, body part, motion of internal organ. | 4 | |
10556735775 | responsiveness | reaction to change occurring inside or outside the body. | 5 | |
10556735776 | growth | increase in body size w/out change in shape. | 6 | |
10556735777 | reproduction | production of new life and new cells. | 7 | |
10556735778 | respiration | taking in oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, release of energy from foods (cellular respiration) | 8 | |
10556735779 | digestion | breakdown of food for absorption | 9 | |
10556735780 | absorption | movement of substances through membranes and into body fluids. | 10 | |
10556735781 | circulation | movement of substances within body fluids. | 11 | |
10556735782 | assimilation | changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms. | 12 | |
10556735783 | excretion | removal of wastes produced by metabolic reaction. | 13 | |
10556735784 | Metabolism | the sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body that break substances down and build them up. (the chemistry of the body) These reactions enable us to make and use energy. The following characteristics are involved in metabolism: digestion, absorption, assimilation, respiration, excretion. | 14 | |
10556735785 | Water | makes up most of the body, where metabolic reactions take place. Also transports substances and helps to regulate body temp. | 15 | |
10556735786 | Food | provide body w/nutrients to make energy, build new living matter, and regulate chemical reactions. | 16 | |
10556735787 | Oxygen | used to release energy from food which drives all metabolic reactions. | 17 | |
10556735788 | Heat | the product of metabolic reactions. The degree of heat present determines the rate that chemical reactions will occur. | 18 | |
10556735789 | Pressure | application of force to something. (force outside body due to the air, blood pressure exerted due to the action of the heart) | 19 | |
10556735790 | Homeostasis | the maintenance of a stable or balanced internal environment. - Homeostasis is maintained by homeostatic mechanisms - self-regulating control systems. | 20 | |
10556735791 | receptors | provide info about specific conditions in the internal environment (nerves) | 21 | |
10556735792 | stimulus | anything in the external or internal environment that requires the body to respond) -brain | 22 | |
10556735793 | set-points | tells what the normal limits should be | 23 | |
10556735794 | effectors | cause responses to alter the conditions in the internal environment (always muscles/glands) | 24 | |
10556735795 | Negative feedback system | if a deviation in the set point is received, the effectors respond to return conditions to normal until the effectors are gradually shut/slow down. This is referred to as "negative" because the deviation from the set point is corrected and moves in the "opposite or negative" direction than is normal. This correction reduces the action of the effectors. | 25 | |
10556735796 | Control center | Brain | 26 | |
10556735797 | axial | head, neck, trunk | 27 | |
10556735798 | appendicular | upper and lower limbs | 28 | |
10556735799 | How many parts can the body be divided into? | 2, axial and appendicular | 29 | |
10556735800 | Axial portion | two major cavities (organs w/in cavities are visceral organs or viscera) | 30 | |
10556735801 | dorsal cavity | subdivided into two parts (no membranes) | 31 | |
10556735802 | cranial cavity | skull/houses brain | 32 | |
10556735803 | vertebral canal | spinal cord w/in sections of vertebrae | 33 | |
10556735804 | ventral cavity | (larger than dorsal) subdivided into two by a thin muscle called the diaphragm (aids in breathing) | 34 | |
10556735805 | thoracic cavity | separated into two compartments by the mediastinum (the middle area) | 35 | |
10556735806 | pleural cavity | rt. and lt. lungs | 36 | |
10556735807 | paricardial cavity | heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland (lie w/in the mediastinum)- middle sternum | 37 | |
10556735808 | abdominopelvic cavity | diaphragm to pelvis | 38 | |
10556735809 | abdominal cavity | viscera include stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, most of sm/lg intestines | 39 | |
10556735810 | pelvic cavity | (enclosed by hip bones) terminal portion of lg. intestine, kidneys, most of sm./lg. intestines urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs | 40 | |
10556735811 | other body cavities | within the skull | 41 | |
10556735812 | oral cavity | teeth, tongue | 42 | |
10556735813 | nasal cavity | w/in nose - nasal septum, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses | 43 | |
10556735814 | orbital cavities | orbits (eyes), associated muscles and nerves | 44 | |
10556735815 | middle ear cavities | including middle ear bones | 45 | |
10556735816 | parietal | membranes attached to walls of a cavity (provide a lining) | 46 | |
10556735817 | visceral | membranes that cover internal organs (deeper) | 47 | |
10556735818 | thoracic cavity | pleural cavity - pleural membranes of the lungs a. lined with parietal pleura b. visceral pleura covers lungs c. pleural cavity b/t two pleura (potential space) B. pericardial cavity - pericardial membranes of the heart a. lined with parietal pericardium b. visceral pericardium cover heart c. pericardial cavity b/t two membranes (potential space) | 48 | |
10556735819 | abdominopelvic cavity | peritoneal membranes (all organs but the heart/lungs) a. lined w/parietal peritoneum b. visceral peritoneum covers each organ c. peritoneal cavity b/t two membranes (potential space) | 49 | |
10556735820 | Organ systems | there are 11 systems with interrelated organs all working together | 50 | |
10556735821 | body covering | integumentary system 1. includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands) 2. regulate body temp., house sensory receptors, protect tissues, synthesize certain products | 51 | |
10556735822 | skeletal system | bones, cartilages, ligaments b. framework for body, protects soft tissues, attachments for muscles, tissues w/in bones produce blood cells and store inorganic salts. | 52 | |
10556735823 | muscular system | all muscles of the body b. contracting and pulling of muscles cause body movements. c. maintain posture, main source of body heat | 53 | |
10556735824 | nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs b. receives impulses, interprets information, acts on info. received | 54 | |
10556735825 | endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal and thymus glands. glands secrete chemical messengers called hormones to regulate metabolism | 55 | |
10556735826 | cardiovascular system | heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood b. pumps blood through vessels throughout body, transports gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes | 56 | |
10556735827 | lymphatic system | lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen b. defend the body against infection by removing disease causing microorganisms, viruses from tissue fluid. | 57 | |
10556735828 | digestive system | mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, b. receives foods from outside, break down food molecules into simpler forms gallbladder, pancreas, sm. and lg. intestines for absorption | 58 | |
10556735829 | respiratory system | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. b. take air in and out and exchange gases b/t the blood and air. | 59 | |
10556735830 | urinary system or excretory system | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra b. remove wastes from blood and help maintain the body's water and electrolyte balance. | 60 | |
10556735831 | reproduction | male reproductive system - a. scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulborethral glands, penis, urethra. maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract | 61 | |
10556735832 | female reproductive system | ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva b. maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, transport sperm to egg w/in system, supports development new organism, enables birth process to proceed | 62 | |
10556735833 | anatomical position | body is standing erect, face forward, upper limbs at sides, palms forward | 63 |
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