Terms : Hide Images
| 9245469829 | civil liberties | The personal guarntees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation | 0 | |
| 9245469830 | Civil rights | The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals | 1 | |
| 9245469831 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which largely guaranteed specific rights and liberties | 2 | |
| 9245469832 | Ninth Amendment | enumerating rights in the Constitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist | 3 | |
| 9245469833 | Tenth Amendment | powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people | 4 | |
| 9245469834 | Due Process Clause | Clause contained in the the fifth and fourteenth amendments; over the years, it has been constructed to guarantee to individuals a variety of rights | 5 | |
| 9245469835 | substantive due process | judicial interpretation of the fifth and fourteenth amendments due process clauses that protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws | 6 | |
| 9245469836 | incorporation doctrine | An interpretation of the constitution that holds that the due process clause of he fourteenth amendment requires that state and local governments must also guarantee the rights stated in the bill of rights | 7 | |
| 9245469837 | selective incorporation | A judicial doctrine whereby most but not all the protections found in the bill of rights are make applicable to states via 14 amend. | 8 | |
| 9245469838 | Fundamental freedoms | Those rights defined by the Court to be essential to order, liberty, and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review | 9 | |
| 9245469839 | First Amendment | 5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition | 10 | |
| 9245469840 | Establishment Clause | The first clause of the first amendment; it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion | 11 | |
| 9245469841 | Fee exercise clause | The second clause of the first amendment; it prohibits the u.s. government from interfering with a citizens right to practice his or her religion | 12 | |
| 9245469842 | Engel v vitale | No school prayer | 13 | |
| 9245469843 | Lemon v. Kurtzman | Three tests are described for deciding whether the government is improperly involved with religion | 14 | |
| 9245469844 | prior restraint | constitutional doctrine that prevents the gov from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact | 15 | |
| 9245469845 | Schneck v. US | established the 'clear and present danger' test | 16 | |
| 9245469846 | clear and present danger test | draws the line between protected and unprotected speech | 17 | |
| 9245469847 | direct incitement test | Test that holds advocacy of illegal action is protected by the first amendment. | 18 | |
| 9245469848 | symbolic speech | symbols, signs, and other methods of expression generally also considered to be protected by 1st am. | 19 | |
| 9245469849 | Tinker v. Des Moines | Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive | 20 | |
| 9245469850 | Libel | Written statement that defamed a persons character | 21 | |
| 9245469851 | Slander | Untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a person | 22 | |
| 9245469852 | New York Times v. Sullivan | To libel a public figure, there must be "actual malice" | 23 | |
| 9245469853 | fighting words | speech that directly incites damaging conduct | 24 | |
| 9245469854 | D.C. v. Heller | struck down a Washington DC ordinance that banned handguns | 25 | |
| 9245469855 | Writs of Habeas Corpus | a court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonment | 26 | |
| 9245469856 | ex post facto law | law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was commited | 27 | |
| 9245469857 | bills of attainder | a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial | 28 | |
| 9245469858 | Fourth Amendment | Protects against unreasonable search and seizure | 29 | |
| 9245469859 | Fifth Amendment | Rights of people accused of crimes | 30 | |
| 9245469860 | Miranda v. Arizona | The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police | 31 | |
| 9245469861 | double jeopardy clause | Part of the Fifth Amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense. | 32 | |
| 9245469862 | exclusionary rule | judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at trial | 33 | |
| 9245469863 | Mapp v. Ohio | Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial | 34 | |
| 9245469864 | Sixth Amendment | Right to a speedy trial | 35 | |
| 9245469865 | Gideon v. Wainwright | Right to an attorney | 36 | |
| 9245469866 | Eigth Amendment | excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted | 37 | |
| 9245469867 | Furman v. Georgia | SC: The death penalty is "cruel and unusual" (1972) | 38 | |
| 9245469868 | right to privacy | right to be left alone | 39 | |
| 9245469869 | Roe v Wade | legalized abortion | 40 | |
| 9245469870 | New York Times Co v. U.S. | U.S. government could not block the publication of secret department of defense documents illegally furnished to the Times by anti-war activists | 41 |
