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| 13510186710 | Pulmonary Ventilation | breathing air is moved into and out of the lungs so the gas is exchanged | 0 | |
| 13510186711 | External respiration | O2 and Co2 exchange between the lungs and the blood | 1 | |
| 13510186712 | Transport of respiratory gases | O2 and CO2 transported in the blood | 2 | |
| 13510186713 | Internal Respiration | O2 and Co2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues | 3 | |
| 13510186714 | Functions of Nasal cavity and nasal conchae | moistens and warms entering air, assists with filtration and warming of air. | 4 | |
| 13510186715 | Paranasal sinuses | lightens skull, secrete mucus, help warm and moisten air | 5 | |
| 13510186716 | what is the major parts/location/ and tissue type of pharynx | funnel shaped tube connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx | 6 | |
| 13510186717 | what are the three regions of the Pharynx | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx | 7 | |
| 13510186718 | Nasopharynx | air passage posterior to nasal cavity, contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium | 8 | |
| 13510186719 | Oropharynx | passageway for food and air from level of soft palate, stratified squamous epithelium | 9 | |
| 13510186720 | Laryngopharynx | passageway for food and air, lined with stratified squamous epithelium | 10 | |
| 13510186721 | location and framework of larynx | to provide a patent airway voice production, attaches to the hyoid bone | 11 | |
| 13510186722 | vestibular folds | called false vocal cords, no part in sound production | 12 | |
| 13510186723 | 3 layers of tissue in trachea | mucosa, submucosa, adventitia | 13 | |
| 13510186777 | purpose of trachealis muscle and c | 14 | ||
| 13510186724 | shaped cartilage rings of trachea | connects posterior part of cartilage rings c | 15 | |
| 13510186778 | shape allow large bolus of food to be swallowed easily | 16 | ||
| 13510186725 | what structure marks the end of the bronchi | carina of the last tracheal cartilage marks the end of the trachea and beginning of the bronchi, respiratory bronch to end the bronch | 17 | |
| 13510186726 | air blood barrier is composed of | alveolar and capillary walls | 18 | |
| 13510186727 | alveolar walls | are a single layer of simple squamous | 19 | |
| 13510186728 | type 2 cells | reduce surface tension | 20 | |
| 13510186729 | terminal and respiratory bronchioles | respiratory bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, then to terminal clusters of alveolar sacs composed of alveoli. | 21 | |
| 13510186730 | purpose of alveoli | 15 times thinner than a sheet of paper, contains open pores that allow air pressure to be equalized in the lungs, keep surfaces sterile. | 22 | |
| 13510186731 | apex | superior tip of lung | 23 | |
| 13510186732 | Base | inferior surface that rests on the diaphragm | 24 | |
| 13510186733 | Hilum | site of attachment of blood vessels | 25 | |
| 13510186734 | Notch | place where the heart sits | 26 | |
| 13510186735 | Left Lung | separated into upper and lower | 27 | |
| 13510186736 | Right lung | Separated into three lobes | 28 | |
| 13510186737 | bronchial arteries | provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue | 29 | |
| 13510186738 | pulmonary veins | carry most venous blood back to heart | 30 | |
| 13510186739 | intrapulmonary pressure | air within the lungs, fluctuates with breathing P | 31 | |
| 13510186779 | pul | 32 | ||
| 13510186740 | intrapleural pressure | pressure in the cavity always a negative pressure/promote lung collapse P-ip | 33 | |
| 13510186741 | transpulmonary pressure | (P-pul)-(P-ip) if they equal each other the lungs will collapse, pressure keeps the lungs open | 34 | |
| 13510186742 | atelectasis | lung collapse | 35 | |
| 13510186743 | type 1 cells | Type 1 Epithelial Cells are also known as squamous alveolar Cells and these types of lung cells make for the alveolar wall. These cells form almost 95% of the surface occupied by alveoli. | 36 | |
| 13510186744 | Type 2 cells | great alveolar cells and occupies the rest of the space in alveoli. Since, these cells are in the shape of cuboid, they are even called cuboidal cells. They are those types of lung cells which are generally found in the blood-air barrier | 37 | |
| 13510186745 | pleura | provides lube from the lungs | 38 | |
| 13510186746 | boyle's law | ↑ Volume = ↓ pressure | 39 | |
| 13510186747 | factors that lower lung compliance | Scar tissue/blockage/decrease ability to expand/no lube | 40 | |
| 13510186748 | surfactant | produced by type 2 cells/ reduce surface tension | 41 | |
| 13510186749 | Dalton's law | partial pressure is equal to sum pressure | 42 | |
| 13510186750 | Henrey's law | each gas will desolve in relation to its own pp | 43 | |
| 13510186751 | TV | air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath | 44 | |
| 13510186752 | IRV | air that can be forced out beyond TV | 45 | |
| 13510186753 | ERV | air that can be taken in after the TV | 46 | |
| 13510186754 | RV | air that cannot be pushed out | 47 | |
| 13510186755 | FRC | air remaing in lungs after expiration | 48 | |
| 13510186756 | VC | total amount of exchangable air | 49 | |
| 13510186757 | normal vent | 6L/min | 50 | |
| 13510186758 | Exercise Vent | 200mL/ Min | 51 | |
| 13510186759 | external Respiration | exchange of O2 and Co2 across the Respiratory membrane | 52 | |
| 13510186760 | Co2 is ___ time more solube in plasma than O2 | 20 | 53 | |
| 13510186761 | Co2 diffuses is ___ to O2 | equal | 54 | |
| 13510186762 | Haldane Effect | The lower the Po2 and hemoglobin saturation with O2, the more CO2 can be carried in the blood At the tissues, as more carbon dioxide enters the blood More oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin (Bohr effect) As HbO2 releases O2, it more readily forms bonds with CO2 to form carbaminohemoglobin | 55 | |
| 13510186785 | Hemoglobin | 56 | ||
| 13510186763 | Nitric Oxide Partnership | Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator Hemoglobin is a vasoconstrictor and a nitric oxide scavenger (heme destroys NO) As oxygen binds to hemoglobin Nitric oxide binds to a cysteine amino acid on hemoglobin Bound nitric oxide is protected from degradation by hemoglobin's iron As oxygen is unloaded at tissues, the NO is released, causing vasodilation, and more delivery. | 57 | |
| 13510186764 | Ventilation | amount of gas reaching the alveoli | 58 | |
| 13510186765 | Perfusion | blood flow reaching the alveoli | 59 | |
| 13510186766 | Ventilation and perfusion must be | matched (coupled) for efficient gas exchange | 60 | |
| 13510186767 | Changes in Po2 in the alveoli regulate | arteriolar diameter | 61 | |
| 13510186768 | Changes in Pco2 in the alveoli regulate | bronchiolar diameter | 62 | |
| 13510186769 | Respiratory Membrane Efficiency | Differences in partial pressure Small diffusion distance Lipid‐soluble gases Large surface area of all alveoli Coordination of blood flow and airflow (alveolar ventilation, blood perfusion) Structural characteristics of membrane | 63 | |
| 13510186770 | Partial pressure gradient for CO2 in the lungs | Venous blood Pco2 = 45 mm Hg Alveolar Pco2 = 40 mm Hg | 64 | |
| 13510186771 | Partial pressure gradient for O2 in the lungs | Venous blood Po2 = 40 mm Hg Alveolar Po2 = 104 mm Hg | 65 | |
| 13510186772 | pneumothorax | presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall that could collapse the lungs | 66 | |
| 13510186773 | What is ACE | Angiotensin converting enzyme Angiotensin turns into angiotensin 2 | 67 | |
| 13510186774 | surfactant | Reduces surface tension (attracts liquid molecules to one another at a gas | 68 | |
| 13510186786 | liquid interface) of alveolar fluid and discourages alveolar collapse | 69 | ||
| 13510186775 | low ph | release O2 | 70 | |
| 13510186776 | High Ph | hold on to O2 | 71 | |
| 13510186787 | draw sturation curve | 72 | ||
| 13510186788 | Draw RBC bringing 02 to the tissue | 73 | ||
| 13516452111 | CO2+H20 <--> H2CO3 <--> _______ | H+Hco3 | 74 | |
| 13516473086 | hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide in the blood | 75 | |
| 13516480244 | hypocapnia | condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood) | 76 | |
| 13516486929 | respiratory acidosis | A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2. hypercapnia | 77 | |
| 13516495581 | respiratory alkalosis | Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2. hypocapnia | 78 |
