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12159477784GlobalizationThe expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. The processes of globalization transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and scales.0
12159486718PlaceThe fourth theme of geography as defined by the Geography Educational National Implementation Project: uniqueness of a location.1
12159489380Sense of placeState of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character.2
12159498040Relative locationThe regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect relative location.3
12159506777Remote sensingA method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study.4
12159531233Geographic information systemsA collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.5
12159550804Expansion diffusionThe spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.6
12159553299Hierarchical diffusionA form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence.7
12159566021Contagious diffusionThe distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person—analogous to the communication of a contagious illness.8
12159568713Stimulus diffusionA form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.9
12159571033Relocation diffusionSequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.10
12159579040Global positioning systemSatellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features.11
12159675518Cultural landscapeThe visible imprint of of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants.12
12159581432Mental mapsImage or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.13
12159778608Total fertility ratesThe average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.14
12159765340CultureThe sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. This is anthropologist Ralph Linton's definition; hundreds of others exist.15
12159767048Culture traitThe sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. This is anthropologist Ralph Linton's definition; hundreds of others exist.16
12159768483Culture complexThe sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. This is anthropologist Ralph Linton's definition; hundreds of others exist.17
12159783420Crude birth rateThe number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.18
12159784124Crude death rateThe number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.19
12159789135Population pyramidsvisual representation of the age and sex composition of a population graph20
12159792991Life expectancyA figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live21
12159803830EmigrationThe act of a person leaving a country or area to settle elsewhere.22
12159805456ImmigrationMigration to a new location23
12159810180Forced migrationHuman migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.24
12159815348Step migrationMigration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city.25
12159819645Chain migrationmigration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there26
12159821498siteThe physical character of a place27
12159822204Time-Space Covergence28
12159823642Censusthe official count of a population29
12159825264intervening obstacleAn environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.30
12159826113demographyThe scientific study of population characteristics.31
12159826558Physiological DensityThe number of people per unit area of arable land32
12159829466The three largest population concentrations in the world33
12159832761population clusters in east Asian34
12159832762Demographic Transition Modelchange in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates35
12159835550carrying capacityThe largest population that an area can support36
12159840139region of the world with the highest cbr37
12159840146dependency ratioThe number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force38
12159843770replacement-level fertility ratethe average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves39

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