Terms : Hide Images
| 10950281734 | The Protestant Reformation | The Splitting of Catholic Christianity | 0 | |
| 10950281735 | Antecedents and Causes | The great Schism, Black death, the secularism of the Renaissance and new monarchs, corruption in society, the printing press causing growing literature, and church corruption' | 1 | |
| 10950281736 | Lay Piety | Europe was becoming more religious, and everyone (commoners mostly) who weren't part of the church hierarchy were becoming more religious. These people were not in the church but were practicing religion without it. | 2 | |
| 10950281737 | John Wycliffe | He was a trained priest but became a heretic after coming up with ideas against the church. He would have been killed but was protected by the nobles. He founded the Lollards. | 3 | |
| 10950281738 | John Hus | Was inspired by Wycliffe. He challenged the church and is eventually burned at the stake. Started the Hussites who were his followers and had an army that fought back with the church until the church gave them a compromise. | 4 | |
| 10950281739 | Transubstantiation | A change in a substance wine and bread symbolizing the body and blood of Christ. | 5 | |
| 10950281740 | B. The Northern Renaissance | Very focused on religious reform. It sets us up for the reformation. It is the dark side of the Renaissance. | 6 | |
| 10950281741 | Christian Humanism | A humanist who writes about religious and social issues, and thinks they need a social reform. Driven by religion. | 7 | |
| 10950281742 | Erasmus | Known as the prince of Humanists and is liked by many people/ He translated the new testament to greek and Latin and wanted to get rid of errors. He wrote to books one being the praise of Folly. The praise of folly makes fun of everyone and makes Catholics mad. | 8 | |
| 10950281743 | Thomas More | He is a humanist lawyer. He uses courts to stop protestants. He writes Utopia and it's about a perfect world that doesn't have Christianity. | 9 | |
| 10950281798 | C. The Lutheran Reformation | 10 | ||
| 10950281744 | Martin Luther | A commoner, comes from a peasant family. He went to study law but wasn't happy and becomes a monk. He still wasn't happy so he became a teacher. | 11 | |
| 10950281745 | Indulgences | The issue that starts the whole explosion of reformation. The Catholic Church was giving indulgences to peasants as a way for them to buy their way to heaven and Luther hated this. Luther put up the 95 theses a list of all the things wrong with indulgences. He didn't think the list was a big deal but it ended up making him famous, and the church mad at him. | 12 | |
| 10950281746 | Emperor Charles V | He's the HRE and the only one with power over Luther. He is Catholic and could have elected Luther, but is too busy. | 13 | |
| 10950281799 | German Princes and Frederick the Wise - Frederick the Wise is the ruler of Saxony and protects Martin Luther. Charles needed Frederick's support, so he didn't hurt Luther. | 14 | ||
| 10950281747 | Sola Fide | Salvation by faith alone, you go to heaven by faith. | 15 | |
| 10950281748 | Clerical Marriage | Clergy members can get married | 16 | |
| 10950281749 | Sola Scriptura | Doctrine must be based on Scripture | 17 | |
| 10950281750 | Diet of Worms | The diet that decides to excommunicate Luther | 18 | |
| 10950281751 | Vernacular Bible in German | created a sense of nationalism | 19 | |
| 10950281752 | The Peasants Revolt | a group of peasants attacked church and nobles, 100,000 peasant deaths, strengthened state power | 20 | |
| 10950281753 | D. Switzerland | Led by Ulrich Zwingli, Religious conflicts resulting in two wars | 21 | |
| 10950281754 | theocracy | rule by religion | 22 | |
| 10950281755 | The Colloquy of Marburg | Conflicting opinion on communion, mass, and baptism between Zurich and Martin Luther. | 23 | |
| 10950281756 | Transubstantiation | the conversion of the substance into the body and blood of Christ | 24 | |
| 10950281757 | John Calvin | He developed Calvinism. Believed in predestination, meaning that your fate is predetermined. | 25 | |
| 10950281758 | The elect | People who are predestined to go to heaven. | 26 | |
| 10950281759 | Anabaptists | Believed that baptism is only valid when the candidate wants to be baptized. | 27 | |
| 10950281760 | E. England | Motivated by: want for church wealth, sovereignty, church wealth | 28 | |
| 10950281761 | Henry VIII | Catholic, defender of the faith, man wife, cause break from Rome, now head of the church, 1534 act of supremacy. | 29 | |
| 10950281762 | Church of England | made Henry head of the church | 30 | |
| 10950281763 | Episcopal system | bishops, state-controlled, limited reforms, emphasized the divine right | 31 | |
| 10950281764 | Abolition of Monasteries | seizes church land | 32 | |
| 10950281800 | F. Protestant | 33 | ||
| 10950281765 | Cuis Regio eisus religio | He who rules his religion. The prince's can choose which religion they want their area to be. | 34 | |
| 10950281766 | 2.Catholic Reformation | Changes made within the Church. | 35 | |
| 10950281767 | Counter-Reformation | How the Catholics responded to the protestants outside the church. | 36 | |
| 10950281768 | Pope Paul III | Known as the first modern pope. | 37 | |
| 10950281769 | The Council Of Trent | Only does things the pope wants. Reacts to the protestants. Says that they won't compromise on doctrine, end Simony, end pluralism, and make it more centralized. | 38 | |
| 10950281770 | The index of Prohibited Books | They write a list of books that shouldn't be allowed in the Catholic world | 39 | |
| 10950281771 | B. New Religious Orders | Hopes to make church stronger/ | 40 | |
| 10950281801 | Ignatius of Loyola- The society of Jesus. Ignatius was from Spain and was a soldier but later became a priest. He brought with him the soldiers ideas and wanted to aggressively take on protestants. He started the Jesuits who are a group of priests who go out in the world to spread Catholicism. | 41 | ||
| 10950281772 | C. Baroque Art | Very dramatic, very dark with light contrasts, not organized, very chaotic | 42 | |
| 10950281773 | Bernini | Most famous baroque artists. Best known for architecture but did everything. Makes The Colonnade at St Peter's which is circular outside the church, and makes the Ecstacy of St Theresa: St theresa was from spain and founded a new group of nuns. She wrote about religious visions. The Sculpture was of her having a religious vision. It was edgy and over the top. | 43 | |
| 10950281774 | 3. The wars of Religion | They are never just about religion. | 44 | |
| 10950281775 | Causes | A climate of Violence- European society in this period was very violent and torture was common for small offences. | 45 | |
| 10950281802 | Religious Conflicts- Religious extremism made things worse | 46 | ||
| 10950281776 | Growing state power and competition | Some monarchs had very strong opions on religion. Some monarchs saw religious conflict as an oppurtunity to grow state power. | 47 | |
| 10950281803 | Ethnic And regional differences | 48 | ||
| 10950281804 | The witchcraft Hysteria | 49 | ||
| 10950281805 | This wasn't a war but the big wave of witchcraft trials happened at this time. They were held by state authorities. Most common victoms were older woman. | 50 | ||
| 10950281806 | \ | 51 | ||
| 10950281777 | B. Central Europe | In germany first religious violence happens. | 52 | |
| 10950281778 | The Peasants revolt | Peasants led by preachers revolting against the nobility. Eventually the nobles beat the peasants. One of the peasants writes the twelve articles of the peasants. They mostly were not religion based. | 53 | |
| 10950281779 | Switzerland | Many tensions between Cantons and when religion is thrown in war starts. | 54 | |
| 10950281780 | HRE- The peace of Augsburg | Princes choice the religion of their lands. Tolerance was only for the prince. They recognized Lutherans, but not Calvinists. Charles retired and divided his position between his son and brother. | 55 | |
| 10950281781 | C. The French Wars of Religion | The pope, Francis I was not very tolerant of religion. He hated Huguenots. | 56 | |
| 10950281782 | Huguenots | 5 to 10 percent of the pop. They are Calvinists and are nobles | 57 | |
| 10950281783 | The Saint Bartholomew's day Massacre | Huge Massacre done by Guisse, killing protestants at henry's wedding. Starts a civil war and leaves France a mess. | 58 | |
| 10950281784 | Henry of Navarre | Man who takes control of france after the old leader is assassinated, and converts to Catholicism, and starts the Burden dynasty. He becomes Henry IV. | 59 | |
| 10950281785 | Politiques | pEOPLE IN a position of power who put their state above all else | 60 | |
| 10950281786 | Edict Of Nantes | Grants Toleration for the Huguenots. The huguenots were allowed to be armed in their towns to protect themselves. They were allowed to have schools, but Catholicism is still the official religion of France | 61 | |
| 10950281787 | Philip II of Spain and the Netherlands | Philip the second is the king of Spain. He is catholic and not a politique. The seventeen provinces: Netherland, Belgium are under spanish rule. | 62 | |
| 10950281788 | The Dutch Revolt | Also known as the 80 years war. This was Calvinism against Catholicism. Local knights against the government. Dutch Nationalism vs. Spain. | 63 | |
| 10950281789 | William the Silent | The house of Orange. The leader of Protestant resistance. He became the ruler of the netherlands and said people had to be catholic and then was assassinated. | 64 | |
| 10950281790 | F. England | Elizabeth is queen of England and is protestant. Catholics in England and the Spanish all wanted Mary to be queen because she was Catholic. Elizabeth had her executed. Pirates were hurting Spanish ships and Elizabeth didn't do anything so Philip sent the Spanish Armada. | 65 | |
| 10950281791 | Elizabeth I | Protestant. Religious policy: moderate protestantism.Limited tolerance of Catholics and radical protestants. Became queen on England and was protestant | 66 | |
| 10950281792 | Mary I | Catholic resistance, executed in 1587. She liked Catholicism and wanted to reverse the reformation. | 67 | |
| 10950281793 | The Spanish Armada | Part of the wars of religion. An attempt by Philip to move England back to Catholicism. The Spanish were very unprepared but invaded England and lost very badly. | 68 | |
| 10950281794 | G. The Thirty Years War | This ends the wars on religion. Started with Habsburgs didn't give the calvinists control over the empire. Ferdinand becomes king of bohemia, and sends some of his men to bohemia to convert them. Bohemians throw the men out of windows. Ferdinand is mad and invades, and beats the bohemians. They beat the bohemians and then start beating people across the empire. The swedens come in and have a modern army and defend protestantism. The french back off the protestants until they make a treaty. | 69 | |
| 10950281795 | The defenestration of Prague | The local ambassadors in Bohemia throw all of ferdinand's ambassadors out a window. \ | 70 | |
| 10950281796 | Gustavus Adolphus | The king of Sweden. Organized the state resources to go to the army and used the first modern army | 71 | |
| 10950281797 | The Peace of Westphalia | A compromise treaty. They said the princes could choose to be catholic, calvinists. Protestants. Netherlands and Switzerland become legally recognized, HRE becomes weak | 72 |
