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| 14667708189 | civilization | An ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits. | 0 | |
| 14667708190 | culture | Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression material cultures refers to physical check objects such as dwellings clothing tools and crafts culture also includes arts beliefs knowledge and technology | 1 | |
| 14667708191 | History | The study of past events and changes in the development transmission cultural practices | 2 | |
| 14667708192 | Stone age | The historical. Characterized by the production of tools from stone and other non metallic substances it followed in some places by the brawn age in more generally by the iron age | 3 | |
| 14667708193 | paleolithic | The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. | 4 | |
| 14667708194 | Neolithic | The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution. It follows the Paleolithic period. | 5 | |
| 14667708195 | Foragers | People who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects. | 6 | |
| 14667708196 | Agricultural revolutions | The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between CA 8002 1000 BCE also known as the neolithic revolution | 7 | |
| 14667708197 | Holocene | The geological era since the end of the Great Ice Age about 11,000 years ago. | 8 | |
| 14667708198 | Megalith | Structures in complexes of very large stones contraction vert ceremonial and religious purposes in neolithic times | 9 | |
| 14667708199 | Babylon | The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29) | 10 | |
| 14667708200 | Sumerians | The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions. | 11 | |
| 14667708201 | Semitic | Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. In antiquity these languages included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread modern member of the this language family is Arabic. | 12 | |
| 14667708202 | city-state | You never know A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory a characteristic politicial form and early mesopotamia.archaic and classic greece, phoencia, and early italy | 13 | |
| 14667708203 | hammurabi | Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. | 14 | |
| 14667708204 | scribe | In the governments of many ancient societies of professional position reserved from men who had undergone the lengthy training required to be able to read and write using cuneiforms hieroglyphics or other early converse and writing systems | 15 | |
| 14667708205 | ziggurant | A massive pyridimal middle step tower made of mud bricks it is associated with religious complexes in ancient meso protein mian cities but it's function is unknown | 16 | |
| 14667708206 | amulet | Small charmant protect the bear from evil found frequently in archeological of excavations in missile potamia in Egypt amulets reflect the religious practices of the common people | 17 | |
| 14667708207 | cuneiform | A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. | 18 | |
| 14667708208 | pharaoh | The central figure in the ancient Egyptians state believed to be in earthly manifestation of the gods used his absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt | 19 | |
| 14667708209 | ma'at | Egyptian term for the concept of divinely created and maintained order in the universe. Reflecting the ancient Egyptians' belief in an essentially beneficent world, the divine ruler was the earthly guarantor of this order. | 20 | |
| 14667708210 | pyramid | A large fry angular stone monument used in Egypt and nubae as a burial place for the king to largest pyramids are acted during the old Kingdom near Memphis with stone tools and compulsory labor reflect the Egyptian belief that the proper end spec tac ular burial of the divine ruler would guarantee the can tinue to prosperity of the land | 21 | |
| 14667708211 | memphis | The capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near the head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers were interred in the nearby pyramids. | 22 | |
| 14667708212 | thebes | Capital city of Egypt and home of the ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms. Amon, patron deity of Thebes, became one of the chief gods of Egypt. Monarchs were buried across the river in the Valley of the Kings. (p. 43) | 23 | |
| 14667708213 | Hieroglyphics | A system of writing in which pictorial symbols represent sounds syllables or concept it was used for of the show and monumental inscriptions in ancient Egypt because of the long period of study required to master this system literacy and hieroglyphics was confined to a relatively small group of scribes and administrators cursive symbols form were developed for rapid composition on other media such as papyrus | 24 | |
| 14667708214 | Papyrus | A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. | 25 | |
| 14667708215 | mummy | A body preserved by chemical processes or special natural circumstances often in the belief that the deceased will need it again in the afterlife and ancient Egypt the bodies of people who could afford mom of occasion underwent a complex process of removing organs failing body cavities dehydrating the corpse would not run and then wrapping the body with Lind manages and enclosing in a wooden sarcophagus | 26 | |
| 14667708216 | harappa | Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. | 27 | |
| 14667708217 | Mohenjo-Daro | Why does to the cities of the Indus Valley civilization it was centrally located and extensive floodplain of the indues river in contemporary Pakistan little is known about the political and to to tions of the Indus Valley communities but the large scale of construction at will handhold daro the orderly grid of streets and the standardization of building materials are evidence of central planning | 28 | |
| 14667708218 | loess | If fine light silt deposited by wind and water it constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China because though Lewis soil is not compacted it can be worked with a simple digging stick but it leaves the region vulnerable to devastating earthquakes | 29 | |
| 14667708219 | shang | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture. | 30 | |
| 14667708220 | divination | Techniques for a certain ng the future of the will of the gods by interpreting natural phenomena such eyes in early China the cracks on Oracle bones or in ancient Greece the flight of birds 2 sectors of the sky | 31 | |
| 14667708221 | zhou | The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History. | 32 | |
| 14667708222 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the zough according to which it was the rare rogue gative of heaven the chief deity to Grant power to the ruler of China and to take away the power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects | 33 | |
| 14667708223 | legalism | In China 8 who little cool philosophy that in emphasize the unruliness of human nature and justified state where Sun and control the Queen ruling class in both get to validate the authoring retarrier nature of their regimen and it's pro Phil agaty expenditure of the subjects lives and labor it was superseded in the Han era by a more beloved land Confucian doctrine of governmental moderation | 34 | |
| 14667708224 | confucius | Western name for the Chinese philosopher con Z his doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence of subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials | 35 | |
| 14667708225 | daoism | Chinese school of 5 originating in the warring States. With lousy I Taoism offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty Dow's believe that the world is always changing and it devoid of absolute mortality or meaning they accept the world as they find it avoid futile struggles and deviate as little as possible from the dow or path of nature | 36 | |
| 14667708226 | yin/yang | In Chinese belief complimentary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world Yang is associated with masculine light and active qualities in it with feminine dark in passive qualities | 37 | |
| 14667708227 | kush | An Egyptian name for newbie or the region alongside the Nile river South of Egypt where in indigenous Kingdom with its own distinctive institutions and cultural traditions arose beginning in the early 2nd millennium it was deeply influenced by Egyptian culture and at times under the control of Egypt which coveted its rich deposits of old and luxury products from subsaharan Africa carried up the Nile corridor | 38 | |
| 14667708228 | meroë | Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E.. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of Sub-Saharan Africa. | 39 | |
| 14667708229 | olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. | 40 | |
| 14667708230 | Chavín | The first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). | 41 | |
| 14667708231 | llama | 42 |
