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| 6334302646 | Tunica Intima | Endothelial cells Sub-endothelial layers | 0 | |
| 6334305049 | Tunica media | Thickest Responsible for contracting and dilating Smooth muscle and elastic fibers | 1 | |
| 6334307103 | Tunica Externa | Supplies blood to the vessels collagen fibers | 2 | |
| 6334308100 | Arteries | Big pumpers | 3 | |
| 6334308930 | Artery types | Elastic Muscular Arterioles | 4 | |
| 6334309635 | Elastic arteries | Aorta and other larger arteries very stretchy | 5 | |
| 6334311037 | Muscular arteries | Brachial and tibial Medium size | 6 | |
| 6334311973 | Arterioles | Smaller Connect muscular arteries to the capillaries | 7 | |
| 6334313508 | Artery structure | Elastic are tough, most stretchy, and biggest | 8 | |
| 6334315453 | Artery function | Take blood from the heart to the system | 9 | |
| 6334316738 | Vein types | Veins Venules | 10 | |
| 6334318683 | Venules | smaller in diameter than veins, leaky (for exchange w/ capillaries) collect blood from capillaries | 11 | |
| 6334320751 | Vein Structure | Veins have valves Have all 3 tunica layers | 12 | |
| 6334321680 | Vein Function | bring blood back to the circulatory system holds 60% of the blood at any given time collect blood from venules | 13 | |
| 6334325811 | How does blood return to the heart fro the venous system | Muscular pump: (1) Sympathetic system causes the muscles surrounding the veins to contract, pumping the blood up to the heart (2) mechanism that promotes venous return during any given activity Respiratory Pump: (1) Breathing lowers the pressure in the chest, thus causing the flow | 14 | |
| 6334328837 | Capillary types | Continuous Fenestrated Sinusiodal | 15 | |
| 6334330569 | Continuous Capillaries | (1) Least permeable (2) Smallest holes (3) Most common (4) Found in Blood-Brain Barrier (5) Absorb and secrete Small ions and molecules | 16 | |
| 6334331244 | Fenestrated Capillaries | (1) Larger clefts (2) Mid-permeable (3) Found in Small Intestines and Kidneys (4) Absorb and secrete small proteins | 17 | |
| 6334332130 | Sinusoidal Capillaries | (1) Most permeable (2) Blood cells can pass through (3) Found in liver and spleen and bone marrow | 18 | |
| 6334333192 | Capillary Structure | a) Short and small in diameter b) no smooth muscle fibers, no elastic, and no collagen tissue c) Lots of surface area | 19 | |
| 6334334661 | Capillary Function | a) Excretion of waste production b) Absorption and secretion | 20 | |
| 6334337130 | Microcirculation | Vascular Shunts True Capillaries | 21 | |
| 6334339379 | Vascular shunts | (1) open sphincters, (2) blood flows through the entire capillary bed | 22 | |
| 6334340778 | True Capillaries | (1) closed sphincters (2) "main highway" blood flows through metarteriole and bypass capillary bed. | 23 | |
| 6334343529 | Key differences in structure and function of the above vessel types | 1. Arteries are the largest with the largest tunica media 2. Arteries are rigid in shape, veins can collapse and be flat, 3. Veins bring blood from the system to the heart, arteries bring blood from the heart to the system | 24 | |
| 6334344623 | Anastomoses | 1. Also Known As: Collateral Circulation a) Union of two or more arteries supplying the same body region | 25 | |
| 6334346190 | Anastomoses Function | a) Act as an alternate route of blood flow through an anatomosis b) can occur in veins and venules as well | 26 | |
| 6334347153 | Anastomoses Where is it found ( in the two major organs of the body) | a) Circle of Willis-Brain b) Coronary Circulation of heart - Heart | 27 | |
| 6334348884 | Varicose Veins | Caused by twisted/dilated superficial veins, blood pooling; standing a lot, pregnancy found in esophagus, superficial veins of lower extremities, and hemorrhoids | 28 | |
| 6334353454 | Arteriosclerosis | Is the stiffening and hardening of the artery walls | 29 | |
| 6334354265 | Arteriosclerosis located | Aorta, coronary and carotid arteries | 30 | |
| 6334355307 | Arteriosclerosis risk factors | examples: diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, genetics | 31 | |
| 6334356243 | Difference between Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis | Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of artery because of plaque build up | 32 | |
| 6334357783 | Cholesterol types | HDL (high density lipoproteins) LDL (low density...) | 33 | |
| 6334359219 | HDL | (1) Better kind (2) Removes excess cholesterol from circulation (3) High HDL is preventable for atherosclerosis (4) You want it over 40 mg/dl (or 50) | 34 | |
| 6334359590 | LDL | (1) bad kind (2) Formation of fatty plaques (3) Carry plaque and puts it into tissues (4) You want it under 130 mg/dl | 35 | |
| 6334361746 | Cholesterol Sources | Foods we ingest and formed by the liver | 36 | |
| 6334362886 | 3. What foods lower LDL levels? | a) Fish (salmon) b) olive oil c) legumes d) oats e) nuts f) red wine g) green tea h) strawberries i) avocados j) garlic k) soy | 37 | |
| 6334363810 | Effects of exercise | Increases HDL levels by ~10% | 38 | |
| 6334365316 | Blood Pressure | The measurement of force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood (mm Hg) | 39 | |
| 6334366102 | How does blood pressure change as you get farther away from the heart | Decreases as you go away from the heart | 40 | |
| 6334367177 | What would your blood pressure be in the venous system? | Almost zero | 41 | |
| 6334368619 | What increases blood pressure | 1. An increase in: a) blood volume b) venous return c) heart rate d) stroke volume e) cardiac output f) sympathetic impulses and hormones g) increase in body size h) viscosity i) vessel length j) vascular resistance k) fluids l) exercise (temporarily) 2. A decrease in: a) parasympathetic impulses b) vessel radi: aka vasoconstriction | 42 | |
| 6334369520 | What decreases blood pressure | 1. Vasodilation 2. weight loss 3. meditation 4. long term exercise | 43 | |
| 6334372206 | Systolic blood pressure | a) The maximum arterial pressure during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart b) Top number on a blood pressure reading c) Good number: 120 mm Hg | 44 | |
| 6334374031 | Systolic blood pressure cause | contraction of the ventricles | 45 | |
| 6334374839 | Systolic blood pressure measured by | Listen for the first sound while taking BP | 46 | |
| 6334375613 | Diastolic BP | The minimum arterial pressure during relaxation and dilation of the ventricles of the heart when the ventricles fill with blood | 47 | |
| 6334376898 | Diastolic BP measured by | Last sound you hear while taking BP | 48 | |
| 6334378545 | Primary Hypertension | a) persistently elevated blood pressure that cannot be attributed to any particular organic cause b) This is the majority of hypertensive people | 49 | |
| 6334379183 | Secondary Hypertension | a) Caused by an underlying medical problem (1) epinephrine secreting tumor (2) atherosclerosis of the renal artery | 50 | |
| 6334380811 | Blood Flow | Volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period (mL/min) | 51 | |
| 6334393638 | Resistance | The opposition of blood flow and is a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessel. | 52 | |
| 6334395808 | When resistance increases, what happens to blood pressure? | increases | 53 | |
| 6334396394 | Cardiac Output | stroke volume x heart rate, determines blood flow | 54 | |
| 6334399204 | How does exercise effect cardiac output | increases | 55 |
