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| 7390446437 | Hunter Gatherers | - Hunters = hunts for animals (usually men) - Gathers= gather plants (women) - Hunting would be hard so men would do it but gathering was a more reliable source because there was always something to gather -Hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants or animals | 0 | |
| 7390451718 | Pastoralism | relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples) - raising livestock -caring and tending animals | 1 | |
| 7390458293 | Neolithic/Agriculture Revolution | "New Stone Age" Agriculture revolution= shift to farming and agriculture, domestication of animals began in the fertile crescent agriculture revolution happened to prevent famine and recover from catastrophe | 2 | |
| 7390460674 | Plow/Plough | - 4000 BCE started using ox-drawn plows to turn over the earth - attached funnel dropped a carefully measured amount of seed into the furrow - Barley main cereal crop=ability to tolerate heat, dry conditions and withstand the salt drawn to the surface by evaporation - replenish nutriens= fields left unplanted every other year - more food nutrients | 3 | |
| 7401373294 | Migration | Moving to a different area because of economic, political or social reasons | 4 | |
| 7401346837 | Migration (push factors) | Bad neighbourhood natural disasters low water recourses pollution family crime, drugs invasion | 5 | |
| 7390469589 | Metallurgy | refining ores containing copper and alloying them with arsenic or tin to make bronze. | 6 | |
| 7390465931 | Migration (pull factors) | better food better schools better housing safer town weather low taxes | 7 | |
| 7390473375 | Woven textiles | centre asia | 8 | |
| 7390475542 | Wheeled Vehicle | middle east | 9 | |
| 7390475558 | Domestication | the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans | 10 | |
| 7390478309 | Pottery | 11 | ||
| 7390478310 | Bantu | 12 | ||
| 7390484257 | Mesopotamia | - Sumerians- first to have lived there - shared the same culture, developed own govern. had own rules - own "country" - ruled by priests - ziggurat- the place of worship, the center of the city - polytheistic - cuneiform - their early writing - Tigris and Euphrates rivers Order of civilization 1. Sumerians 2. Akkandians (first empire) 3. Assyrians 4. Babylonians 5. Hittites 6. Kassites - "land between the rivers" - Hammurabi's code | 13 | |
| 7390484258 | Sumerians | First to live there (period of written evidence) 5000 BCE or even earlier Created framework of civilization culture: irrigation, cuneiform, religious conceptions dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium, taken over by third Semitic successors the lecture was translated | 14 | |
| 7390489656 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic from of Mesopotamia and among the earliest known works of literary writing | 15 | |
| 7390492959 | Hammurabi's Code | -military campaigns -inscribed on a polished black stone pillar, provided judges with a lengthy set of examples illustrating principles to use in deciding cases -severe physical punishments -not infrequent the death penalty - Reflected three social divisions a. the free, landowning classes, which included royalty, high ranking officials, warriors, priests, merchants, and some artisans and shopkeepers b. The class of dependent farmers and artisans, whose legal attachment to royal, temple, or private estates made them the primary rural work force c. the class of slaves, primarily employed in domestic service. - penalties depended on the class of the criminal, most severe punishment for a lower class (set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating him to be the 18th century BC, earliest legal code known in its entirety) | 16 | |
| 7390495149 | Ziggurats | - Massive pyramids - multi-story, mud-brick, pyramid shaped - tower approached by ramps and status - the function is unknown - associated with religious complexes | 17 | |
| 7390495150 | Egypt | - Nile river, desert, schedule flooding - rich soil --> silt - Bureaucracy and control over nearby water sources Hierarchy 1. Pharaoh 2. Priests 3. Nobles 4. Peasants 5. Slaves - Slave controlled population - Egypt similar to Olmec - women had more rights - Nile source of communication to Egyptians - isolated | 18 | |
| 7390500274 | Pharaoh | - "place" - God sent to earth to maintain ma'at, the divinely authorized order of the universe. - the indispensable link between his people and the gods and his benevolent rule ensured the welfare and prosperity of the country - Central figure - the manifestation of gods - absolute power | 19 | |
| 7390505659 | Mummification | -Egyptians used this when someone died -Death journey beset with hazards -Book of death= present in many evacuated tombs, had rituals/spells to protect spirit through journey -Last challenge = travel through underworld, determine if deserves ultimate blessed destination - buried body in hot, dry sand (early practice) -Elite classes mummification = Vital organs removed, preserved in stone jars laid around dead body, body cavities filled with various packing material, placed in one or more decorated wooden caskets, deposited tomb - type of tomb= wealth/status - common people=simple pit graves of small mud bricks chambers -privleged= large tombs -kings= pyramids, chamber containing body and treasures, curses and magical precautions for robbers - built end of the desert to not cover farmland, tombs had pictures, food, everyday objects for the afterlife -shawabtis= small figurines - shawabits were in tombs in place of servants for the afterlife -elite classes- attached chapels, left endowments to subsidize the daily attendance of a priest, foodstuffs to sustain in the afterlife | 20 | |
| 7390509473 | Indus Valley | - shift from nomadic to sedimentary, agriculture lifestyle (Aryans) - Undecipherable writing - Waste water sewer and management system (advanced tech.) - invasion from Khyber Pass - possible ecological reasons - monsoons - unpredictable weather - 1750= rapid decline (mysterious ending) - Indus and Ganges river - yearly floods - polytheistic -Himalayan mount. to north | 21 | |
| 7390513725 | Mohenjo Daro | - 5000 BCE - Largest of cities - complex city structure - twin capitals - defense walls and storage of grain - houses built of cement and bricks - Large streets, market places, temples, public buildings, mud bricks -produced major urban centers - drainpipes carried waste away - a strong center of authority - Dominates the great floodplain of the Indus - central planning | 22 | |
| 7390513726 | Harrapa | - 5000 BCE - the site of one of the great cities of the Indus of the third millennium - located northwest - complex city structure - twin capitals - defense walls and storage of grain - houses built of cement and bricks - Large streets, market places, temples, public buildings, mud bricks - produced major center - 3,5 circumference - population 35,000 - drainpipes carried away waste - a strong center of authority - 500 miles to north - the frontier between farmland and herding land - served as a '"gateway" forraw material procuring copper, tin, and precious stones of the northwest - coastal towns in the south gathered fish and highly prized seashells and engaged in seaborne trade with the Persian Gulf. | 23 | |
| 7390519373 | Rivers | Mesopotamia - Tigris and Euphrates rivers | |----> Fertile Crescent= Silt ( bad flooding) Egypt - Nile river | |---> Rich soil (heavily relied on it), yearly flooding Indus Valley - Indus and Ganges rivers | |----> yearly floods, course of river would change, fertile Indus flood plain China - Yellow and Yangzi (sarrow)river | |--->Disastrous flooding Olmec and Chivan - No major river | 24 | |
| 7390521530 | China | - the center of the world - Xia (legend mythological dynasty) * Emperor yu | | |--> math, engineer | |----> no military |-------> irrigation - oracle bones -Mandate of Heaven - Warring period - Yellow and Yangzi rivers - disastrous flooding - isolated - building= dried mud and wooden post western ZHOU - chose the position based on birth | 25 | |
| 7390521531 | Shang | - first dynasty almost 2000 BCE - Not a unified chinse state - ruler and relative gave orders through - - a network of cities - the earliest evidence of chinses writing - strong military - longest dynasty - sophisticated writing - oracle bones - Bronze | 26 | |
| 7390527171 | Ancestor Veneration | - the concept that decreased elders rule and controlled destinies - worship of ancestors, ancestors were gods, and communication | 27 | |
| 7390530724 | Mandate of Heaven | - An ancient Chinese belief that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly - developed by Zhou - if ruler failed power would be taken away by gods - the prerogative of Heaven | 28 | |
| 7390534074 | Sericulture | 29 | ||
| 7390537253 | Oracle Bones | - Turtle shells and/or bones of animals would be inscribed - a form of communication between Shang Di and Gods/spirits | 30 | |
| 7390537254 | Olmec | - lack of major river - calendar = tracking religious festivals - polytheistic similar to Chavin | 31 | |
| 7390539599 | Chavin | - lack of major river -polytheist | 32 | |
| 7390539600 | Quipu | 33 | ||
| 7390544514 | Vedic Religion | India | 34 | |
| 7390547000 | Rig Veda | 35 | ||
| 7390548945 | Brahmins | china | 36 | |
| 7390553292 | Zoroatrianism | 37 | ||
| 7391959073 | Judaism | the Torah | 38 |
