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| 9415109901 | endocrine system | body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones | 0 | |
| 9415135461 | endocrinology | scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs | 1 | |
| 9415139666 | hormones | chemical substances that are secreted by endocrines cells into the extracellular fluids and regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in body. | 2 | |
| 9415150466 | amino acid-bases molecules | 3 | ||
| 9415150467 | steroids | -made from cholesterol -include sex hormones made by the gonads and the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex | 4 | |
| 9415180046 | prostaglandins | local hormones -made from highly active lipids release from nearly all cell membranes | 5 | |
| 9415207256 | target cells or target organs | a given hormone affects only certain tissue cells or organs | 6 | |
| 9415236801 | second messenger system | intracellular molecule generated by binding of a chemical to a membrane receptor; mediates intracellular responses | 7 | |
| 9415254840 | negative feedback mechanisms | chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones | 8 | |
| 9415284748 | hypothalamus | major endocrine organ because it produces several hormones. | 9 | |
| 9415303797 | ductless glands | endocrine glands -produce hormones that they release into blood or lymph | 10 | |
| 9415565563 | pituitary gland | -size of a pea -the neuroendocrine gland located beneath the brain that serves a variety of functions including regulations of the gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, water balance, and lactation. | 11 | |
| 9415611175 | tropic hormones | stimulate their target organs, which are also endocrine glands,to secrete their hormones, which in turn exert their effects on other body organs and tissues. | 12 | |
| 9415634600 | growth hormone | general metabolic hormone -important role in determining final body size -is a protein sparing and anabolic hormone that causes amino acids to be built into proteins and stimulates most target cells to grow in size and divide | 13 | |
| 9415658238 | pituitary dwarfism | or growth hormone deficiency, is a condition in which the pituitary gland does not make enough growth hormone. This results in a child's slow growth pattern and an unusually small stature (below average height). | 14 | |
| 9415676097 | gigantism | individual becomes extremely tall; 8 to 9 feet is common. -body proportions are fairly normal | 15 | |
| 9415700561 | acromegaly | pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. -bones increase in size | 16 | |
| 9415758530 | prolactin | protein hormone structurally similar to growth hormone. -only known target in humans is the breast -after childbirth, it stimulates and maintains milk production by mothers breasts. -function in men=unknown | 17 | |
| 9415805907 | adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex position of the adrenal gland | 18 | |
| 9415817843 | thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)/ thyrotropic hormone (TH) | influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland | 19 | |
| 9415827265 | gonadotropic hormones | regulate the hormonal activity of the gonads | 20 | |
| 9415830556 | gonads | testes and ovaries |  | 21 |
| 9415846607 | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | (women): stimulates follicle development in the ovaries. as the follicles mature, they produce estrogen, and eggs are readied for ovulation (men): stimulates sperm development by the testes. | 22 | |
| 9415868129 | luteinizing hormone | triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogen. in men, it stimulates tester one production by the interstitial cells of the testes | 23 | |
| 9415899311 | sterility | 24 | ||
| 9415918883 | releasing and inhibiting hormones | A hormone that inhibits the secretion of another hormone. The hypothalamus produces several hormones that inhibit the release of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary (adenohypophysis). | 25 | |
| 9415918884 | oxytocin | -released in significant amounts only during childbirth and in nursing women -stimulates powerful contraction of the uterine muscle during labor, during sexual relations, and during breastfeeding. -causes milk ejection in nursing women -induce labor or to hasten labor -stop postpartum bleeding | 26 | |
| 9415923088 | neurosecretory cells | nerve cells, such as those of the hypothalamus, which elaborate a chemical substance that influences the activity of another structure | 27 | |
| 9415925752 | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | chemical that inhibits or prevents urine production -causes kidney to reabsorb more water from the forming urine -also increases blood pressure by causing constriction of the arterioles(small arteries) | 28 | |
| 9415927619 | vasopressin | is a man-made form of a hormone called "anti-diuretic hormone" that is normally secreted by the pituitary gland. - acts on the kidneys and blood vessels. | 29 | |
| 9416076062 | diabetes insipidus | is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of water in the body. This imbalance leads to intense thirst even after drinking fluids, and excretion of large amounts of urine . | 30 | |
| 9416083458 | thyroid gland | The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea (windpipe). -It has the shape of a butterfly: two wings (lobes) attached to one another by a middle part called the isthmus. -releases hormones that control metabolism:way body uses energy |  | 31 |
| 9416168399 | follicles | thyroid gland is composed of these hollow structures -store sticky colloidal material | 32 | |
| 9416177090 | thyroid hormone | play vital roles in regulating the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones. | 33 | |
| 9416179585 | thyroxine (t4) | is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland | 34 | |
| 9416187588 | triiodothyronine (t3) | A hormone that is made by the thyroid gland -it is the most powerful thyroid hormone, and it affects almost every process in the body, including body temperature, growth, and heart rate | 35 | |
| 9416271866 | goiters | enlargement of the thyroid gland because the diet is deficient in iodine. |  | 36 |
| 9416273999 | cretinism | a congenital disease due to absence or deficiency of normal thyroid secretion, characterized by physical deformity, dwarfism, and mental retardation, and often by goiter. |  | 37 |
| 9416274000 | myxedema | both physical and mental sluggishness( however mental retardation doesn't occur). -signs of puffy face, fatigue, poor muscle tone, low body temp., obesity, and dry skin. |  | 38 |
| 9416276009 | graves disease | also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It also often results in an enlarged thyroid. | 39 | |
| 9416277704 | exophthalmos | also known as proptosis, is a medical term for a bulging or protruding eyeball or eyeballs. It's most often caused by thyroid eye disease |  | 40 |
| 9416348688 | calcitonin | decreases blood calcium level by causing calcium to be deposited in the bones | 41 | |
| 9416351042 | parafollicular cells | 42 | ||
| 9416386672 | parathyroid gland | tiny masses of glandular tissue most often found on the posterior surface o the thyroid gland |  | 43 |
| 9416397128 | parathyroid hormone/ parathormone | most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood. | 44 | |
| 9416414651 | tetany | a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium | 45 | |
| 9416432106 | adrenal glands | two bean shaped that curve over the top of the kidneys |  | 46 |
| 9416451653 | adrenal cortex | te outer part of the gland—produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure |  | 47 |
| 9416478367 | androgens | male sex hormones | 48 | |
| 9416480470 | estrogens | female sex hormones | 49 |
