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| 8680343715 | Anatomy | Structure of an organism /Applied anatomy is clinical /descriptive anatomy is systematic | 0 | |
| 8680343716 | Applied anatomy | Clinical | 1 | |
| 8680343717 | Descriptive anatomy | Systematic | 2 | |
| 8680343718 | Physiology | Function of an organism | 3 | |
| 8680343719 | Gross | Anything that you can see with the naked eye | 4 | |
| 8680343720 | Micro scopic | 5 | ||
| 8680343721 | Surface | 6 | ||
| 8680343722 | Developmental | Change this through a life time | 7 | |
| 8680343723 | Pathological | Diseases or structural functional changes | 8 | |
| 8680343724 | Comparative | Compare across other organisms such as rats | 9 | |
| 8680343725 | Ology | The study of | 10 | |
| 8680343726 | -itis | Inflammation of | 11 | |
| 8680343727 | Physiology | Function | 12 | |
| 8680343728 | Cytology | Study of cell | 13 | |
| 8680343729 | Histology | Study of tissue | 14 | |
| 8680343730 | Osteology | Study of bones | 15 | |
| 8680343731 | Myology | Study of muscle | 16 | |
| 8680343732 | Arthrology | Study of joints | 17 | |
| 8680343733 | Neurology | Study of nerves or neurons | 18 | |
| 8680343734 | Angiology | Study of vessels | 19 | |
| 8680343735 | What do cavities of the body do? | Coincide with the regions of the body and provide a mode of protection against infection or trauma | 20 | |
| 8680343736 | Cranial cavity | Houses the brain | 21 | |
| 8680343737 | vertebral canal | Houses the spinal cord | 22 | |
| 8680343738 | thoracic cavity | Upper chest area, lungs | 23 | |
| 8680343739 | pericardial cavity | Houses the heart | 24 | |
| 8680343740 | Abdominal cavity | Houses the internal organs | 25 | |
| 8680343741 | What are the cavities of the body? | Cranial, vertebral, thoracic pericardial, , abdominal / VACT | 26 | |
| 8680343742 | Axial skeleton | Axis; brain and spinal cord/ The skeleton of the trunk and head | 27 | |
| 8680343743 | Appendicular skeleton | Appendages; pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle | 28 | |
| 8680343744 | Anatomic position | Face app, hands and feet erect/ according to the body. Our left is there a right | 29 | |
| 8680343745 | Frontal/ coronal plane | Divides the body into front and back | 30 | |
| 8680343746 | sagittal plane | Divides the body into right and left halves | 31 | |
| 8680343747 | transverse plane | Divides the body into top and bottom. Runs parallel to the ground | 32 | |
| 8680343748 | Cells> tissues> | Organs > systems | 33 | |
| 8680343749 | Neurons > nervous tissue > | Nerve tracts, brain, spinal cord > nervous system | 34 | |
| 8680343750 | Tissues / form equals | Function | 35 | |
| 8680343751 | 4 tissue types | 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous | 36 | |
| 8680343752 | epithelial tissue | Sheet like tissue that covers or lines external body surfaces, internal passageways and organs, very little extracellular material. Characterized by a basement membrane that binds the epithelial to other structures. Barrier tissue that provides protection | 37 | |
| 8680343753 | Simple epithelial | Single layer of cells/ respiratory system. Alveoli | 38 | |
| 8680343754 | Ciliated epithelial | Wavelike hair projections that have a beating pattern /cilia / intestines /increases surface area | 39 | |
| 8680343755 | Stratified epithelial | Two or more layers/. Many layers such as skin surface, esophagus lining | 40 | |
| 8680343756 | Proximal | Close to point of attachment | 41 | |
| 8680343757 | Distal | Far away from point of attachment | 42 | |
| 8680343758 | Medial | Towards the middle | 43 | |
| 8680343759 | Lateral | Towards the outside | 44 | |
| 8680343760 | Epithelial | sheet like tissue that covers or lines external body surfaces, passageways organs; very little intercellular material; characterized basement membrane that binds the epithelial to other structures. Barrier that provides protection. Simple Stratified Ciliated | 45 | |
| 8680343761 | 4 tissue types | 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous | 46 | |
| 8680343762 | Connective tissue | Large amounts of intercellular substance that secrete matrix (non living -usually collagen or elastin fibers) which can be liquid, semi-solid or solid . Flexible but provide support | 47 | |
| 8680343763 | Types of connective tissue | 1. Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Lymphoid 4. Cartilage 5. Blood 6. Bone LAB/CAB | 48 | |
| 8680343764 | Areolar tissue | Connective tissue that is loose connective; supports organs | 49 | |
| 8680343765 | Adipose | Connective tissue that has a high abundance of fat globules; good insulator | 50 | |
| 8680343766 | lymphoid tissues | Connective tissue such as tonsils, adenoids, lymph noids | 51 | |
| 8680343767 | Cartilage | Connective tissue that is firm and flexible - epiglottis, trachea, larynx | 52 | |
| 8680343768 | Blood | Connective tissue that is liquud | 53 | |
| 8680343769 | Bone | Connective tissue that is ossified cartilage , harder , less elastic | 54 | |
| 8680343770 | Muscular tissue | Contractive tissue | 55 | |
| 8680343771 | Three types of muscular tissue | 1. Striated- skeletal muscle, voluntary 2. Smooth - Organs, involuntary 3. Cardiac- heart; involuntary | 56 | |
| 8680343772 | Striated muscle tissue | Skeletal muscle; voluntary | 57 | |
| 8680343773 | Smooth muscular tissue | Organs; involuntary | 58 | |
| 8680343774 | Cardiac muscle tissue | Heart involuntary | 59 | |
| 8680343775 | nervous tissue | Transmission of information. Communication. Brain, spinal cord and nerves. Characterized by electrical impulses. We measure these impulses with an EEG. Brainwave activity | 60 | |
| 8680343776 | Organs | Combination o tissues to form larger structures | 61 | |
| 8680343777 | Types of organs | 1. Fascia 2. Ligaments 3. Tendons 4. Bones 5. Joints | 62 | |
| 8680343778 | Fascia | Sheetlike membrane that surrounds organs | 63 | |
| 8680343779 | Ligaments | Binds structures together/ visceral binds organs/ skeletal binds bone to bone (ACL, MCL) | 64 | |
| 8680343780 | Tendons | Attach muscle to bone or muscle to cartilage | 65 | |
| 8680343781 | Aponeurosis | Denser than fascia; allows for attachment of many muscles. (Tendinitis sheet used for protection. In middle diaphragm. Allows for movement and nasality of speech/ palantine aponeurosis, diaphragm | 66 | |
| 8680343782 | Bones | Provide support and protection to vital organs. Connective tissue with fibroblasts that facilitate bone repair./ (cleft palate surgery) phone is constantly torn down and rebuilt which is why we need vitamins and minerals | 67 | |
| 8680343783 | Osteoporosis | Deficit of vitamins and minerals inbound causing loss of bone density | 68 | |
| 8680343784 | Joints | Attaches bone to bone. | 69 | |
| 8680343785 | Four types of joints | 1. Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial | 70 | |
| 8680343786 | Fibrous joint | Immovable. bones of the skull | 71 | |
| 8680343787 | Cartilaginous joints | Slightly movable. Allow for movement and protection. Cartlidge between discs. Sternum | 72 | |
| 8680343788 | Synovial joint | Freely movable. Range of motion. Allows joints to glide easier. Knee, mandible | 73 | |
| 8680343789 | Nervous system primary function | Communication | 74 | |
| 8680343790 | When does the nervous system begin to develop? | Four weeks of gestation and does not stop until 24 age | 75 | |
| 8680343791 | What does the nervous system consistent? | 85 to 100,000,000,000 (billion)neurons that communicate with thousands of other neurons resulting in over 1 trillion points of communication | 76 | |
| 8680343792 | What makes up nervous tissues? | Neurons and glial cells | 77 | |
| 8680343793 | Neuron | Basic smallest unit of the nervous system. Transmits information in One Direction. Can be either excited, and Hibbett it, or regulatory. Neurons can be unipolar, bipolar, or multi polar | 78 | |
| 8680343794 | Unipolar neuron | Dorsal nerve roots of the spine | 79 | |
| 8680343795 | Bipolar neuron | Smell, hearing | 80 | |
| 8680343796 | Multipolar neurons | Brain, spinal motor cells | 81 | |
| 8680343797 | Soma | Cell body, contains the nucleus | 82 | |
| 8680343798 | unipolar neuron | Single axon only. In spinal cord. Primarily sensory related | 83 | |
| 8680343799 | Bipolar neurons | one axon and one dendrite/ specialized. Hearing, vision, vestibular | 84 | |
| 8680343800 | Unipolar neuron | single process leading away from soma; sensory cells from skin and organs to spinal cord | 85 | |
| 8680343801 | Monopolar neuron | Single or unipolar | 86 | |
| 8680343802 | Multi polar neurons | Multiple extensions and processes. Called dendrite branches. Most neurons in brain are multi polar. Perimeter all cells | 87 | |
| 8680343803 | Where are pyramidal cells? | Cerebral cortex, hippo campus, Amygala/ they are the primary motors of the program at all tract. Runs through brainstem, mid Dula and regulates movement | 88 | |
| 8680343804 | How are neurons classified? | Sensory, motor, integrated capacity | 89 | |
| 8680343805 | Dendrites | Carries information to the cell body | 90 | |
| 8680343806 | Axons | Carry information away from cell body | 91 | |
| 8680343807 | Axon hillick | Junction of the cell body and axon where action potential takes place | 92 | |
| 8680343808 | Myelin sheath | Insulator of the axon; speeds up the impulse | 93 | |
| 8680343809 | Schwann cells | Forms myelin in the PNS | 94 | |
| 8680343810 | Oligeodendrocytes | Forms myelin in the CNS | 95 | |
| 8680343811 | Nodes of Ranvier | Promotes salt story conduction/where neurochemical processes take place | 96 | |
| 8680343812 | Telodendria | Extension of the axon that increase surface area of the action potential | 97 | |
| 8680343813 | Terminal end button | Found at the ends o the telodendria ; contains the synaptic vesicles | 98 | |
| 8680343814 | Vescicles | Store neurotransmitters | 99 | |
| 8680343815 | Neurotransmitters | Housed in the vesicles and are released when stimulated to a high enough threshold / dopamine, acetylcholine / etc..) | 100 | |
| 8680343816 | Synapse | Potential gap between 2 neurons | 101 | |
| 8680343817 | Receptor site | Found on the post synaptic neuron/ specific to each neurotransmitter/ lock and key | 102 | |
| 8680343818 | Glial cells | Supporting cells. More Khalil sell stand neurons. 5:1/ And can become neurons if needed | 103 | |
| 8680343819 | Types of Glial cells | 1. Olidogendrocytes 2. Schwann cells :. Microglial cells 4. Astrocytes | 104 | |
| 8680343820 | Oligodendrocytes | Compose myelin in the CNS | 105 | |
| 8680343821 | Schwann cells | Compose myelin in the PNS | 106 | |
| 8680343822 | Microglial cells | Phagocytes, illuminate damaged neurons | 107 | |
| 8680343823 | Astrocytes | Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons./ Star shaped. Transport nutrients and eliminate waste, blood brain barrier, help with the nervous tissue structure. Can become neurons under certain circumstances | 108 | |
| 8680343824 | What is the most important glial cell in CNS? | Astrocytes. Can regenerate. Star shaped. Regulates extracellular fluid. Limits synaptic activity to a certain location | 109 | |
| 8680343825 | What job does a microbe glial cell have? | Janitor. Cleans up Dupree especially after trauma | 110 | |
| 8680343826 | Do you neurons undergo cell division? | No. So with they are damaged they are illuminated by glial cells | 111 | |
| 8680343827 | When does Nero genesis cease? | Around age 24 neurogenesis ceases and the cells begin to die | 112 | |
| 8680343828 | What does New research suggests about the ability to form new neurons?? | Stem cells produce Neurons an do divide. . New research suggest the hippo campus and all factory bulb may have the ability to regenerate new neurons | 113 | |
| 8680343829 | Apoptosis is: | When cell death occurs selectively (programmed) or by trauma (necrosis) | 114 | |
| 8680343830 | How does information get communicated from one neuron to the next neuron? | 1. Neuron cell. Presynaptic neuron. Has a resting membrane potential's that has a negative charge of -70 MV 2. Information is going to move in One Direction 3. As the cell body. Soma. Begins to receive conduction through the dendrites, the charges combine at the level of the axon hillock (summation) 3. This connection across the selectively permeable membrane of the neuron is an example of electrochemical gradient 4. Impulse at the level of Axon hillock is called now action potential and begins to move down the axon. 5. K and Na ions are exchanged it back and forth the axons cell membrane. Selectively permeable. At the nodes of Ranvier. 6. If they charge is great enough by the time it reaches terminal buttons, all or nothing principle applies. Critical threshold must be reached and nerves fire | 115 | |
| 8680343831 | Axon Hillocks | Summation. Electrical impulses coming together. The charges combine here when Communication is received and conducted through the dendrites | 116 | |
| 8680343832 | Electrochemical gradient is an example of | The conduction across these selectively permeable membrane of the neuron | 117 | |
| 8680343833 | Why are electrical chemical gradients establish? | They are between the inside and outside of the cell to try to equalize things | 118 | |
| 8680343834 | Action potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. | 119 | |
| 8680343835 | Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels are confined. | 120 | |
| 8680343836 | saltatory conduction | The leaping of action potentials down the axon | 121 | |
| 8680343837 | active transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy./ this is how I am guns are able to move across the gradients | 122 | |
| 8680343838 | Ions are | Charged Atoms that cause the action potential to speed up due to a change in voltage | 123 | |
| 8680343839 | How are ions able to move across the gradients? | By means of active or passive transport | 124 | |
| 8680343840 | Passive transport requires | No energy to move across. Lowes from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. Negative resting potential | 125 | |
| 8680343841 | Active transport requires | Energy. ATP. To move ions back and forth which is how ions are moved down the axon increasing the energy potential as they move | 126 | |
| 8680343842 | If they charge is grade a nap by the time it reaches terminal buttons, what happens? | The all or nothing principle. If the charge is graded nap to transmit information across the synapse or it isn't | 127 | |
| 8680343843 | Critical threshold | When it is reached, the nerve buyers and the vesicles housed in the terminal button release the specified neurotransmitter into the synapse | 128 | |
| 8680343844 | Post synaptic neuron | When they charge moves towards the receptor sites on the next neurons dendrites by means of propagation | 129 | |
| 8680343845 | propagation of the action potential | is a brief reversal of membrane potential where the membrane potential changes from -70mV to +30mV. When the membrane potential of the axon hillock of a neuron reaches threshold, a rapid change in membrane potential occurs in the form of an action potential. | 130 | |
| 8680343846 | Lock and key phenomena | A neurotransmitter is specific to the receptor site so the receptor site will allow attachment selectively | 131 | |
| 8680343847 | What helps guide lock and key phenomena? | Glial cells | 132 | |
| 8680343848 | What happens to the electrical charge after neurotransmitters are released into the synapse? | Electrical charge reaches and innervates a muscle or organ. Takes about 1/1000 of a second.then there is absolute refractory period When neuron rest | 133 | |
| 8680343849 | Absolute refractory period | When the neuron rest before firing again. | 134 | |
| 8680343850 | Is communication voluntary? | Yes but our brains had the ability to complete these voluntary actions with a high degree of specificity and very little of thinking | 135 | |
| 8680343851 | Automaticity | Occurs when repetition on many movements becomes automatic. Brain takes over routine. Driving | 136 | |
| 8680343852 | Background tonicity | Tone, posture, support, stretch. | 137 | |
| 8680343853 | When the brain goes on auto pilot, what is occurring? | Automaticity and background tonicity | 138 | |
| 8680343854 | How are motor commands sent and received? | Three nerve tracts | 139 | |
| 8680343855 | Sensory nerve tracts | Afferent. They receive information from periphery and send it to the brain for processing | 140 | |
| 8680343856 | Efferent pathways | Motor. Information from brain and goes out | 141 | |
| 8680343857 | How is the nervous system divided? | Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system | 142 | |
| 8680343858 | Central nervous system | Brain and all its structures and spinal cord | 143 | |
| 8680343859 | Peripheral nervous system | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and sensory receptors | 144 | |
| 8680343860 | How is the nervous system divided functionally? | 1. Autonomic nervous system goes to sympathetic and parasympathetic 2. Somatic nervous system close motor or sensory | 145 | |
| 8680343861 | Autonomic nervous system | Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles. Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic | 146 | |
| 8680343862 | How is the nervous system organized anatomically? | CNS and PNS | 147 | |
| 8680343863 | How is the nervous system organized functionally? | Autonomic and somatic | 148 | |
| 8680343864 | autonomic nervous system | Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles. Involuntary, sympathetic versus parasympathetic | 149 | |
| 8680343865 | sympathetic nervous system | Fight flight or Fryt response. Requires a lot of energy. Elevated heart rate, respiration rate, vasoconstriction, people dilation, shivering. Hard to maintain for too long. Uses great amounts of energy | 150 | |
| 8680343866 | parasympathetic nervous system | Counteracts the sympathetic. "Slows the heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, papillary construction | 151 | |
| 8680343867 | Somatic nervous system | Controls body functions that are under conscious control through the motor nerve tracts which are dictated by the motor cortex of the brain. Just in front of the coronal suture. Pyramidal versus extrapyramidal track | 152 | |
| 8680343868 | Major ascending and ascending nerve tracts | 1. Motor 2. Sensory | 153 | |
| 8680343869 | Motor nerve track | Efferent. Motor neurons start in the motor cortex and send impulses only to the level of the brainstem or level of the spinal cord. Are Called upper motor neuron's. Impulses that move from the cranial nerves or spinal nerves out to specific muscles are called lower motor neuron's | 154 | |
| 8680343870 | Upper motor neuron's | Originate in cerebral cortex. Motor strip or motor court text. Terminating in the brain stem or spinal cord. | 155 | |
| 8680343871 | Upper motor neuron's in the pyrimidal tract directly synapse with what? | Lower motor neuron's | 156 | |
| 8680343872 | Upper motor neuron's that provide contralateral innervation to lower motor neuron's are | On the opposite side of the brain as the muscle | 157 | |
| 8680343873 | Upper motor neuron's that provide bilateral innervation to lower my motor neuron's | Talk to muscles on both sides of the body | 158 | |
| 8680343874 | Where do upper motor neuron's go through | That Corona radiata, internal capsule, cerebral edible, and synapse in the midbrain, ponds, medulla spinal cord | 159 | |
| 8680343875 | Upper motor neuron's provide bilateral innervation through what track? | Cortical bulbar track for all cranial nerves except lower face and tongue | 160 | |
| 8680343876 | Upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerve seven will result in what? | Facial weakness on the opposite side of the lesion. Contralateral | 161 | |
| 8680343877 | Upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerve 12 will result in what? | Contralateral weakness of the tongue upon protrusion | 162 | |
| 8680343878 | Lower motor neuron's | Motor neurons that originate in the brainstem. Cranial nerves. Or spinal cord. Spinal nerves. Terminating at the neuromuscular junction. Muscles | 163 | |
| 8680343879 | What do lower motor neuron's innervate? | Ipsilateral muscles. The muscle in the lower motor neuron that innervates it are always on the same time side | 164 | |
| 8680343880 | Where do lower motor neuron's receive input? | From upper motor neuron's from the opposite side of the brain. Contralateral upper motor neuron innovation. Or from both sides of the brain. Bilateral upper motor neuron innervation | 165 | |
| 8680343881 | Lower motor neuron's provide | Unilateral innervation to muscles/ Daves impulses to muscle | 166 | |
| 8680343882 | Pyramidal tracts | Nerve track that originates in the motor cortex in moves through the Medela | 167 | |
| 8680343883 | Corticobulbar track | Nerves that move from the motor cortex to the brainstem. Cranial nerves. The cranial nerves provide innervations to the muscles of the face, neck, and throat/. Most important for sweet | 168 | |
| 8680343884 | Corticospinal tract | Nerves that move from the motor cortex to the spinal cord. Spinal nerves. Spinal nerves provide innervations to the rest of the muscles of movement | 169 | |
| 8680343885 | Extrapyramidal tract | Lies outside the brain stem. Bypass the thalamus. Provides nerve stimulation for background tenacity and reflexes | 170 | |
| 8680343886 | sensory | Afferent. Example is spinothalamic track | 171 | |
| 8680343887 | Spinothalamic track | Nerve impulses that run from the periphery. Environment. To higher brain centers such as pain, thermal regulation, and body temperature | 172 | |
| 8680343888 | Cranial nerves | Exit at various points in the brainstem and eight top down model. 1-4- midbrain (upper brain) 5-8 pons (midbrain) 9-12- lower part of brain stem | 173 | |
| 8680343889 | Neuropathology | Examples of disease processes in there mechanisms. | 174 | |
| 8680343890 | Cell body of neuron/ contains the nucleus | Soma | 175 | |
| 8680343891 | Do you neurons undergo cell division? | Nope at stem cells do | 176 | |
| 8680343892 | Neurons are generated by | Special types of stem cells /research has identified at least two areas of the brain that can continue to generate new neural cells hippo campus. Memory. And olfactory bulb | 177 | |
| 8680343893 | Astrocytes can become | Neurons under certain conditions | 178 | |
| 8680343894 | Apoptosis | Cell death. Programmed cell death | 179 | |
| 8680343895 | Electrochemical communication with neurons | Moving an address near onto one that is actively engaged with the neurotransmission I have a message | 180 | |
| 8680343896 | And at rest in your own hands | Selective permeability, resting membrane potential, depolarization versus Hyper polarization | 181 | |
| 8680343897 | Resting membrane potential is influenced by | Concentration gradient and chemical gradient. Sodium potassium pump | 182 | |
| 8680343898 | Concentration gradient | The rate at which the pressure change increases or decreases due to a change in a given variable. I am's tend to blow crap to equalize the pressure on the inside and outside of the cell | 183 | |
| 8680343899 | Electrochemical gradient | Plans are positively or negatively charged and are attracted to the opposite | 184 | |
| 8680343900 | Depolarization | Positive charge. Excitability. Summation. Action potential. All or nothing principle. Critical threshold. Absolutely refractory period | 185 | |
| 8680343901 | Hyperpolarization | A negative charge. Inhibitory | 186 | |
| 8680343902 | Abnormal development and growth of a neuron | Neoplasm, neuroma, meningioma | 187 | |
| 8680343903 | Neoplasms | Glioblastina Astrocytoma | 188 | |
| 8680343904 | Summation | All electrical impulses coming together | 189 | |
| 8680343905 | Propagation | Movement of the current of synapse. When neurotransmitters are released, propagation spreads them out. Increases area, better chance of attaching two receptor sitess | 190 | |
| 8680343906 | Saltatory conduction | Channels at nodes of Ranvier that maximize connection. Impulses jump | 191 | |
| 8680343907 | Neuroma | Vestibular schwannoma | 192 | |
| 8680343908 | multiple sclerosis | myelin sheath destruction. disruptions in nerve impulse conduction | 193 | |
| 8680343909 | Parkinson's disease | Tremors. Attack substantial nigra. Affects dopamine | 194 | |
| 8680343910 | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem/FXNOW sells having to do with voluntary movement | 195 |
