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9212159700appropriationA legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency.0
9212159701authorization legislationLegislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency.1
9212162371bureaucracyA large, complex organization composed of appointed officials.2
9212164101committee clearanceThe ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law.3
9212164102competitive serviceThe government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit, as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria.4
9212166347discretionary authorityThe extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance by laws.5
9212168741government by proxyWashington pays state and local governments and private groups to staff and administer federal programs.6
9212173195iron triangleA close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.7
9212173196issue networkA network of people in Washington, D.C.-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media, who regularly discuss and advocate public policies.8
9212175564laissez-faireAn economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce.9
9212175565legislative vetoThe authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. The Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power.10
9212178827name-request jobA job filled by a person whom an agency has already identified.11
9212180773red tapeComplex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done.12
9212183035trust fundsFunds for government programs collected and spent outside the regular government budget.13

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