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| 8078508680 | Demographic Transition Model | A geographic model that explains and predicts changes un population growth, classic model has 4 stages modern version has 5. The DTM predicts changes in CBR, CDR, & RNI as a country transitions through economic stages of development, based on the assumption that economics drive population changes & that all countries will pass through 4 stages of demographic transition | 0 | |
| 8078508681 | Low growth stage or pre-industrial stage "what happens" | The CBR and CDR extremely high and fluctuating between 35-40, high CBR and CDR result in a low RNI, population is stationary, I'd known as equilibrium stage-no growth, no decline in population | 1 | |
| 8078847369 | DTM Stage 1 "why it happens" | CBR & CDR fluctuating because of disease famine and war, lack of modern health care sanitation and technology, most people ins gage 1 are subsistence farmers, because infant & child mortality rates are high many subsistence farmers have large families, children=labor, the more children you have the more land the more land you farm the more food you can produce, NO countries are in stage 1 | 2 | |
| 8078847370 | high growth stage or early industrial stage "what happens" | CBR remains relatively high (over 30) but CDR declines (to about 20), RNI increases and population expansion is high | 3 | |
| 8078847371 | Stage 2 "why it happens" | CBR remains high-cultural traditions encouraging large families to change slowly, improvements in agricultural technology, higher yields from second agriculture revolution, improvements in public sanitation, improved water supply (safe drinking water) and general personal hygiene, most less developed countries in stage 2 | 4 | |
| 8080413500 | Stage 3 Moderate growth or later industrial "what happens" | Birth rates decline sharply (to about 15), death ayes decline a bit more (to about 10 or less), RNI eventually decreases near end of stage | 5 | |
| 8080413501 | Stage 3 "why it happens" | Societies become more urban less rural, declining childhood death in rural areas (fewer kids are needed), increasing urbanization changes traditional values about having children, city living raises cost of having dependents. Women are more influential in childbearing decisions, increasing female (literacy changes value paced in motherhood as sole measure of women's status), women enter workforce: life extends beyond family, changes attitude about childbearing, improved contraceptive technology, availability of birth control Most Latin America and Asian countries in stage 3 | 6 | |
| 8080413502 | Stage 4 low growth or post- industrial stage "what happens" | Birth rates and death rates both low (about 10), CBR falls and meets CDR at equally low levels, reaches equilibrium, RNI stabilizes and there is close to zero population growth | 7 | |
| 8080413503 | Stage 4 "why it happens" | Improvements in agriculture sanitation and medical care continues and becomes accessible to more people, migration to urban areas continues and the costs associated with children continue to rise, women are more educated and are in workforce. Most North American and European counties are in stage 4 | 8 | |
| 8080413504 | Stage 5 declining growth "what happens" | CBR drops below CDR causing a negative RNI, results in a varying population-large numbers of elderly | 9 | |
| 8080413505 | Stage 5 "why it happens" | Trends in stage 4 continue. Many Western European conjures and Japan are entering stage 5 | 10 | |
| 8080413506 | Population theories | Thomas Malthus, Ester Boserup, Karl Marx, Cornucopian theory and Neo-Malthusian | 11 | |
| 8080413507 | Thomas Malthus (1776-1834) | Predicted a population catastrophe, population would grow until it reached the limit of food supply, then there would be widespread poverty and famine | 12 | |
| 8080413508 | Malthus noticed | Population if left unchecked will grow exponentially, whereas food supply increases arithmetically as the amount of land is finite | 13 | |
| 8080413509 | Malthusian checks | Malthus stayed that one population reached this point checks would come into play to readdress the anomie between population and resources, positive checks: increased levels of misery (war, famine and disease). Preventative checks: chelbacy, later marriage and etc. | 14 | |
| 8080413510 | Boserup Theory (1910-1999) | Opposite to Malthus,, people have resources of knowledge and technology to increase food supply as necessary | 15 | |
| 8080413511 | Boserup's main points | Environments have limits that restrict population, but these limits can be changed using tech. population growth is the trigger for innovation to allow food supply to increase. E.g. irrigation, weeding, crop intensification better seed quality, tools, techniques etc. GREEN REVOLUTION | 16 | |
| 8080413512 | Karl Marx | Human population growth is not a problem, lack of food is due to unequal distribution | 17 | |
| 8080413513 | Cornucopian theory | Earth has an abundance of resources; can never be used up | 18 | |
| 8080413514 | Neo-Malthusian Theory | Theory that builds upon Malthus' thoughts on overpopulation, population growth in LDC's is outstripping resources, some LDC's now experiencing Malthusian catastrophe. | 19 |
