AP Flashcards

7387928803	Levels of Organization in the Human Body	Atom Molecule organelle cells tissue organ organ system organism	0
7387936853	Transverse plane	divides body into upper and lower half	1
7387938715	midsagittal plane	divides the body into left and right	2
7387943459	anterior	to the fron	3
7387943460	posterior	to the back	4
7387945377	dorsal	to the back	5
7387947179	ventral	to the belly	6
7387947181	superior	close to the head	7
7387949125	inferior	to the feet	8
7387952061	caudal	at the rear	9
7387952062	rostral	toward the head	10
7387956560	proximal	to the trunk	11
7387956561	distal	away from the trunk	12
7387963566	Homeostatic control mechanism	stimulus receptor integrating center effectors results	13
7387969909	what part of the homeostatic mechanism changes the stimulus	the effector	14
7387973671	what structure detects the stimulus in homeostasis	the receptor	15
7387979742	Feedback that results in the opposite direction of the stimulus	the negative feedback	16
7387991147	what kind of feedback needs something to stop it?	positive feedback	17
7387996651	feedback that will continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs	positive feedback	18
7388032448	Most common feedback to try and obtain homeostasis	negative	19
7388049805	4 types of tissues and what they do	Epithelial- Covers Muscle- Contracts Nervous- Conducts Connective- Completes	20
7388126806	When are atoms most stable	when the outermost shell is full	21
7388133054	Valence electrons 1-7	1- NaHK 2-CaMg C-4 5-NP 6-SO 7-Cl	22
7388144891	3 types of bonds	1-Ionic 2-Covalent 3-Hydrogen	23
7388150943	two types of covalent bonds	Polar and Non polar	24
7388154946	Strongest bond	Covalent bonds	25
7388162083	Weakest bond	Hydrogen bond	26
7400230878	What is the same as alliphatic	hydrophobic/ non polar	27
7400230969	What is an exammple of a hydro carbon	oil	28
7400232649	What is a hydrophobic	they dont mix with hydrogen	29
7400242023	Molecule positive with the opposite end negative	polar	30
7400243944	molecule with only non-polar covalent bonds	non polar	31
7400250418	unequal sharing	polar	32
7400250419	equal sharing	non polar	33
7400252482	both polar and non polar	amphipathic	34
7400263462	ionic	gain and loss of electrons	35
7400265421	a negatively charged ion	anion	36
7400265422	a positively charged ion	cation	37
7400297176	convalent bond holds atoms together and makes it what kind of molecular	polar	38
7400320261	What is the universal solvent	water	39
7400320262	what does not interact with water	hydrophobic	40
7400320263	what is water molecule held by	hydrogen bonds	41
7400331397	What happens when you slow down the breaking of water	ice	42
7400334671	what happens when you speed up the breaking of the hydrogen bounds	gas- steam	43
7400375859	In H20 which molecule is going to keep the most electrons	Oxygen	44
7400380099	in h20 carbon keeps most of the electrons and makes the charge what	slightly positive	45
7400392320	Why does sugar dissolve when you heat it up	the bonds can break easier and faster	46
7400409847	when you put this in water it becomes a proton donor	acid	47
7400409848	the more hydrogen protons in a substance the lower what!	the lower the pH balance	48
7400426162	environmental neutral pH	7	49
7400432767	human neutral pH	7.4	50
7400437405	dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion	acid	51
7400439499	accepts H+ when added to solution	Base	52
7400456226	absorption of H+	base	53
7400464328	what is an alkaline substance	base	54
7400466804	add hydrogren that is a what	acid	55
7400469020	removing hydrogen that is a what	base	56
7400482185	whats the most important thing you kidneys do	make sure that your pH is balanced	57
7400508922	a buffer is a what	a stabalizer	58
7400511061	a buffer does what	makes sure that things dont change to quickly	59
7400560104	expressions of concentration	mass/volume mass/ volume percent	60
7400573375	what is the movement of diffusion	movement downhill high concentrations to low concentration	61
7400579829	maximum disorganization	entropy	62
7400585261	Osmosis is the diffusion of	water	63
7400587749	What is the movement of osmosis	the direction of the stuff, water wants to dilute the stuff	64
7400604201	moles solute/L solution 1 L of solution	molarity	65
7400607557	moles solute/kg solvent >1 L of solution	molality	66
7400621039	Molarity or Molality alters with changes in temperature	molarity	67
7400623239	Molarity or Molality does not alter with changes in temperature	molality	68
7400625531	Molarity or Molality more easily measured in the body	molarity	69
7400627000	Molarity or Molality slightly more accurate	molality	70
7400631437	the amount of stuff in a solution and how it will attract water	osmolality	71
7400640678	does changing the substance as fructose or glucose going to change the osmolality	no	72
7400640679	how do you change the amount of osmolality	by changing the amount	73
7400651368	What happens when you but NaCL in water to the osm	it equals 2 because its 2 molecules	74
7400663383	dextrose and normal saline: what are their osm	300 mOsm THE SAME AS PLASMA	75
7401019305	what is the same in an isotonic solution	the solute	76
7401056028	lyse	burst	77
7401069855	what seperate an organic substance from an inorganic substance	carbon	78
7401073502	substance that has rings of C	organic	79
7401076141	what cells do not have rings of C	inorganic	80
7401087918	macromolecules are put together like legos with	monomers	81
7401090411	a single chain made from monomers	polymers	82
7401129849	dehydration synthesis	new covalent bond formed and water produced	83
7401137352	hydrolysis	breaking it down into water molecules	84
7401150082	4 macromolecules of the cell	proteins nucleic acids carbohydrates lipids	85
7401159981	protiens are made from what	dna	86
7401234928	what is the core of an amino acid	the carbon	87
7401240865	amino acid has what always	r group amine carboxylic	88
7401245830	protein structure	polymers composed of strands of amino acid monomers held together by peptide bonds	89
7401258987	whats the same as hydrocarbon	hydrophobic	90
7401298277	sequence of amino acids in a protien	primary	91
7401298534	secondary in a protein	folding or a-helix or B-sheet	92
7401304116	tertiary in a protein	3-D folding secondary structure	93
7401306749	quaternary	association of to or more folded polypeptides	94
7401394958	what are the monomers of proteins	amino acids	95
7401400516	what are the monomers of nucleic acids	nucleotides	96
7401445354	Pairing is always AT	AT CG AU(RNA	97
7401451216	whats harder to break an AT CG	CG because they have three bonds	98
7401460675	the monomer of a carbohydrate	monosaccarides	99
7401464904	how many carbon molecules does gluscose hahve	6	100
7401577088	Nitrogenous bases help ling together the	dna	101
7401580080	two groups of nitrogenous bases	purines pyramidines	102
7401586066	purines pyramidines Bigger Structure	purines	103
7401593468	purines	adenine guanine	104
7401595912	pyrimidines	CUT Cytosine Thymine Uracil	105
7401623211	most common monosaccharide	glucose	106
7401627401	primary nutriwnt supplying energy to cells	glucose	107
7401635115	adding glucose	glycogenesis	108
7401642045	removing glucose	glycogenolysis	109
7401652814	where is glycogen found	in animals	110
7401654829	where is starch found	plants	111
7410684294	all energy that we know comes from where	the sun	112
7410685772	the plants converse the energy into	chemical energy	113
7410690693	energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only CHANGE	first law	114
7410690694	some energy is lost by heat	second law	115
7410697002	energy currency for all cells	ATP	116
7410697879	what captures energy and stores energy in chemical form such as glucose	photosythesis	117
7410706058	stored energy	potential energy	118
7410708009	energy stored in a molecules chemical bonds	chemical energy	119
7410708135	concentration gradients example the dam	dam	120
7410711198	energy in action	kinetic energy	121
7410723219	equation for CH20	Carbohydrates	122
7410723840	equation for Ch20 +6	glucose	123
7410724289	energy released	exergonic	124
7410724540	energy captured	endergonic	125
7410726532	in an equation if energy is before arrow	its endergonic	126
7410727844	in an equation if energy is after the aarrow	exergonic	127
7410728697	where does aerobic respiration happen	the mitochondria	128
7410730089	where is the energy released	mitochondria	129
7410732187	enzymes are what	catalysts	130
7410737906	the majority of enzymes are	proteins	131
7410756644	what does a substrate usually involve	hydrogen and ionic bonds	132
7410757090	what facilitates the change and active site of a protein	enzymes	133
7410758077	ase	enzyme	134
7410759676	mirror image of eachother	isomerase	135
7410760394	binds two molecules together	ligase	136
7410760623	removal of a group from a molecule	lyase	137
7410763535	substrate	reactant	138
7414430335	blocker	competitive inhibitor	139
7414444067	the active site is still available but there's a site but it is not influenced by the substrate we didnt block the other active site but they change the shape of the other active site and it doesnt allow substrates to come in we also can open the site	allosteric regulators	140
7414465311	addition of a phosphate group	protein kinases phosphorylation	141
7414466201	removing phosphates	phosphateases dephorsphorylation	142
7414483370	where does glycolysis occur	cytoplasm cytosol	143
7414484809	where does aerobic cellular respiration occur	mitochochondria	144
7414518315	the net product of glycolysis	2 ATP	145
7414519183	the gross production of glycolysis	4 aTP	146
7414538740	net products of glycolysis	2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH	147
7414536706	most common electron transporter	NAD+	148
7414545038	how many carbons does pyruvate have	3	149
7414598525	FADH2	electron transporter	150
7414610061	most of the energy from the glucose recovered in the first 3 stages exists in the form of	electrons	151
7421078050	monomers of proteins	amino acids	152
7421081952	bond thats formed by amino acids	peptide bond	153
7421134461	monomer of carbohydrates	monosaccharides	154

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