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| 13789741096 | Electoral College Pros & Cons | Electoral system that is used in electing the president and vice president Pros: The Founding Fathers had enshrined the Electoral College in the Constitution since they believed it was the best method to choose the president The Electoral College ensured that all parts of the country was involved in the selection of the president of the US The Electoral College guarantees their certainty to the presidential election outcome Cons: The reasons for the creation of the Electoral College by the Founding Fathers arent relevant The Electoral College gives off way too much power and allows the presidential election to be decided by a bunch of states The Electoral College ignores the will of the people | 0 | |
| 13789741097 | How many electoral votes are needed to win the presidency? | 270 | 1 | |
| 13789741098 | Age voting trend | Older people are more likely to vote than younger people It decreases over the age of 70 18-24 is the beginning of an increase | 2 | |
| 13789741099 | Blacks voting trend | Despite education and income, blacks vote at a higher rate than whites | 3 | |
| 13789741100 | Whites voting trend | Democrats, tend to split between both parties. Majority of the votes are consisted of whites | 4 | |
| 13789741101 | Males voting trend | "Gender Gap" in parties. Republicans | 5 | |
| 13789741102 | Females voting trend | Women vote at a higher percentage than men. Democrats | 6 | |
| 13789741103 | pocket veto | A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it. | 7 | |
| 13789741104 | line-item veto | Presidential power to strike, or remove, specific items from a spending bill without vetoing the entire package; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. | 8 | |
| 13789741105 | signing statement | A written declaration that a president may make when signing a bill into law. Usually, such statements point out sections of the law that the president deems unconstitutional. | 9 | |
| 13789741106 | executive order | Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register. | 10 | |
| 13789741107 | 15th Amendment (1870) | Right to vote cannot be denied because of race or previous slave states | 11 | |
| 13789741108 | 17th Amendment | U.S. Senators are elected directly by voters in each State. | 12 | |
| 13789741109 | 19th Amendment (1920) | women can vote | 13 | |
| 13789741110 | 24th Amendment | Prohibits payment of taxes a requirement to vote | 14 | |
| 13789741111 | 26th Amendment | Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 | 15 | |
| 13789741112 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Outlawed public segregation and discrimination forbade racial discrimination in the workplace. Also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to prevent discrimination in the workplace | 16 | |
| 13789741113 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution | 17 | |
| 13789741114 | Marble Cake Federalism | American federalism is portrayed as a system with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between the levels of government. | 18 | |
| 13789741115 | Dual Federalism | Used to describe dual Federalism because the powers and policy assignments of the layers of government are distinct and proponents of it believes that the powers of the national government should be interpreted narrowly | 19 | |
| 13789741116 | Creative Federalism | a form of federalism popular during the Johnson administration from 1963 to 1969. It emphasized that the federal government determined the needs of the states. | 20 | |
| 13789741117 | Liberal Ideology | Believes government should play an active role in creating equal opportunity | 21 | |
| 13789741118 | Conservative Ideology | Believes the government must defend, act as a national security, and defend American core values | 22 | |
| 13789741119 | Libertarian Ideology | Believes there should be minimal government involvement in all areas of policy | 23 | |
| 13789741120 | Bully Pulpit | the president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public | 24 | |
| 13789741121 | concurrent powers | Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes. | 25 | |
| 13789741122 | reserved powers | powers held by the states through the 10th Amendment. Any power not granted to the US government is "reserved" for the states. | 26 | |
| 13789741123 | Consumer driven media | Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers | 27 | |
| 13789741124 | Partisan Polorization | A vote in which a majority if democratic legislators oppose a majority of republican leaders | 28 | |
| 13789741125 | Federalist #70 | On the need for unitary executive | 29 | |
| 13789741126 | pork-barrel legislation | legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning their votes in return | 30 | |
| 13789741127 | Rational choice voting | Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen's individual interest | 31 | |
| 13789741128 | restrospective model of voting | Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be re-elected based on the recent past | 32 | |
| 13789741129 | precedent | A decision made by a higher court such as a circuit court of appeals or the Supreme Court that is binding on all other federal courts. | 33 | |
| 13789741130 | political socialization | the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions | 34 | |
| 13789741131 | selective incorporation | A judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment. | 35 | |
| 13789741132 | Free Exercise Clause | The second clause of the First Amendment; it prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen's right to practice his or her religion. | 36 | |
| 13789741133 | Establishment Clause | Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion. | 37 | |
| 13789741134 | Commerce Clause | The US Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states and with Indian tribes | 38 | |
| 13789741135 | Supremacy Clause | declares that the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land" | 39 | |
| 13789741136 | 8th Amendment | Protection against cruel and unusual punishment | 40 | |
| 13789741137 | Federal Mandate | terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants | 41 | |
| 13789741138 | block grants | Money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington | 42 | |
| 13789741139 | categorical grants | Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport | 43 | |
| 13789741140 | 10th Amendment | states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people | 44 | |
| 13789741141 | Causes of Shay's Rebellion | -America was in an economic depression in the 1780's -Many farmers were losing their land because they couldn't pay their taxes -Farmers wanted the government to print more money to help them get out of debt | 45 | |
| 13789741142 | Congress Power Over Supreme Court | The senate confirms all Supreme Court appointments The house can impeach justices on the court Congress can alter the number of justices on the court Congress can initiate constitutional amendments thereby seeking to overturn disagreements such as recent attempts concerning flag desecration, school prayers, abortion rights | 46 | |
| 13789741143 | List the enumerated powers of Congress | Levy taxes Spend money for common defense and Publix welfare Borrow money Regulate foreign interstate and Indian commerce Establish bankruptcy laws Coin money Establish weights and measures Punish counterfeiters Establish post offices Grants copyrights and patents Create courts inferior to Supreme Court Define and punish piracy Declare war Raise and support an army and navy | 47 | |
| 13789741144 | exit poll | election-related questions asked of voters right after they vote | 48 | |
| 13789741145 | opinion poll | interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population | 49 | |
| 13789741146 | Entrance Poll | A poll that is taken before voters have cast their votes at the polling stations | 50 | |
| 13789741147 | Congressional Leadership (roles) | House minority whip House majority leader House minority whip House minority leader President of the senate President pro-tempore of the senate Senate majority leader Senate majority whip Senate minority whip Senate minority leader Speaker of the house | 51 | |
| 13789741148 | Speaker of the house | I have the most powerful position in the lower house. I assign bills to committees and appoint select and conference committee members | 52 | |
| 13789741149 | Vice President | I serve as president of the Senate. Although I cannot participate in debates, I can vote in case of a tie. | 53 | |
| 13789741150 | President Pro Tempore | I am the most senior member of the majority party and have been appointed to fill in for the Vice President when he is not in attendance at the senate. I usually have better things to do so I often times delegate a newer member to stand in for me | 54 | |
| 13789741151 | House Majority and Minority Leaders | House Majority: as majority party leader in the lower house, I exert pressure on party members to vote with the party. I am responsible for getting my party's program enacted into law House minority: I am the party leader in the lower house who informs members and assists the minority leader in resisting some of the majority party's programs | 55 | |
| 13789741152 | Senate Majority & Minority Whips | Senate majority: I am the assistant majority leader of the upper house. I assist the floor leaders, communicate as party positions and rally the party members for crucial votes and ochrestrate party support for important legislation Senate minority: I am the leader of the smaller upper house responsible for resisting programs submitted by the majority | 56 | |
| 13789741153 | Trustee v. Delegate | Trustee Model: Legislators should consider the will of the people but act in ways that they believe are the best for long term interest of the nation Delegate Model: Legislators should adhere to the will of their constituents | 57 | |
| 13789741154 | Checks on Federal Bureaucracy | Executive: President can make appointments to certain offices, which are subjected to approval by the senate Congress: Controls how much funding goes in bureaucratic agencies, conduct investigations and pass laws that affect bureaucracies Judicial: Declares acts of Congress which might favor the bureaucracy unconstitutional | 58 |
