Terms : Hide Images
| 13837360374 | McCulloh v. Maryland | Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on national bank. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. Decision- *Supremacy clause established*, federal government is supreme over the states. *Necessary and Proper Clause* (Article 1, Section 8) gave Fed right to make the bank. States don't have the power to interfere with National Govt. | 0 | |
| 13837360375 | United States v. Lopez | Alfonzo Lopez, a 12th grade high school student, carried a concealed weapon into his San Antonio, Texas high school. Federal agents charged Lopez with violating a federal criminal statute, the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. Decision- The *Commerce Clause* of the Constitution (Article 1, Section 8) does not give Congress the power to prohibit mere possession of a gun near a school | 1 | |
| 13837360376 | Engel v. Vitale | The New York State Board of Regents authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day. A group of organizations joined forces in challenging the prayer. Decision-State officials violated the First Amendment prohibition on the establishment of religion | 2 | |
| 13837360377 | Wisconsin v. Yoder | Three Amish parents refused to send their children school after the eighth grade, arguing that high school attendance was contrary to their religious beliefs. Decision- Requiring Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause of the First Amendment | 3 | |
| 13837360378 | Tinker v. Des Moines | Students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War Decision- Armbands are symbolic speeches protected by the First Amendment right to freedom of speech | 4 | |
| 13837360379 | New York Times Co. v. United States | Nixon Administration attempted to prevent the New York Times and Washington Post from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study regarding the history of United States activities in Vietnam. The President argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. Decision- First Amendment gave the freedom of press | 5 | |
| 13837360380 | Schenck v. United States | During World War I, socialists Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer distributed leaflets declaring that the draft violated the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude. The leaflets urged the public to disobey the draft Decision- Speech creating "clear and present danger" is *NOT* protected by the First Amendment Freedom of Speech | 6 | |
| 13837360381 | Gideon v. Wainwright | Clarence Earl Gideon was charged with felony breaking and entering. When he appeared in court without a lawyer, Gideon requested that the court appoint one for him, but the trial court did not appoint one. Decision- Right to an attorney for the poor is protected by the Sixth Amendment | 7 | |
| 13837360382 | Roe v. Wade | Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life. Decision- Extended the 14th Amendment right to privacy to cover a woman's decision to have an abortion | 8 | |
| 13837360383 | McDonald v. Chicago | Chicago laws prohibited private gun ownership within city limits, Otis McDonald sues Decision- Incorporated the Second Amendment right to bear arms for self defense to the states | 9 | |
| 13837360384 | Brown v. Board of Education | African American students had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated by race. Decision- Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment; overturned "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson | 10 | |
| 13837360385 | Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | Citizens United sought out against the FEC who wanted to prevent Citizens United from advertising their movie "Hillary: The Movie" under the BCRA Decision-Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is protected speech under the First Amendment | 11 | |
| 13837360386 | Baker v. Carr | Charles W. Baker and other Tennessee citizens alleged that a 1901 law designed to apportion the seats for the state's General Assembly was virtually ignored. Baker's suit detailed how Tennessee's reapportionment efforts ignored significant economic growth and population shifts within the state. Decision- One man one vote; created guidelines for drawing up congressional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state. The Court ruled that state reapportionment claims are viable in federal court - 14th amendment equal protection clause issues merited judicial evaluation | 12 | |
| 13837360387 | Shaw v. Reno | North Carolina established strangely shaped, black-only legislative districts. Decision- reapportionment must be conscious of race and ensure compliance, equal protection clause | 13 | |
| 13837360388 | Marbury v. Madison | Outgoing president Adams nominated Marbury to judgeship, confirmed by senate on his last day of office. Incoming president Jefferson did not honor the nomination Decision-the provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 enabling Marbury to bring his claim to the Supreme Court was itself unconstitutional Established Judicial Review (Supreme Court has the final say in the law) | 14 | |
| 13837360411 | Preamble | establishes purposes of the Constitution | 15 | |
| 13837360412 | Article I | Legislative Branch | 16 | |
| 13837360413 | Article II | Executive Branch | 17 | |
| 13837360414 | Article III | Judicial Branch | 18 | |
| 13837360415 | Article IV | Federalism | 19 | |
| 13837360416 | Article V | amending the Constitution | 20 | |
| 13837360417 | Article VI | supremacy of the Constitution | 21 | |
| 13837360418 | Article VII | ratification procedure | 22 | |
| 13837360419 | Bill of Rights | amendments 1-10 | 23 | |
| 13837360420 | Amendment 1 | freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and right to petition gov | 24 | |
| 13837360421 | Amendment 2 | right to bear arms | 25 | |
| 13837360422 | Amendment 3 | gov may not require ppl to house soldiers during peacetime | 26 | |
| 13837360423 | Amendment 4 | prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures | 27 | |
| 13837360424 | Amendment 5 | right when accused, "due process clause"; declares that no one may be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law | 28 | |
| 13837360425 | Amendment 6 | right to trial by jury in criminal cases | 29 | |
| 13837360426 | Amendment 7 | right to trial by jury in most civil cases or common-law suits | 30 | |
| 13837360427 | Amendment 8 | prohibits cruel and unusual punishments; bail | 31 | |
| 13837360428 | Amendment 9 | rights not mentioned in Constitution belong to the ppl; unenumerated rights protected | 32 | |
| 13837360429 | Amendment 10 | powers not given to national gov belong to states or to ppl; powers reserved for the states | 33 | |
| 13837360430 | Supremacy Clause | 1. U.S. Constitution 2. Acts of Congress/Treaties 3. State Constitutions 4. State Statutes 5. City and County Charters/Ordinances | 34 | |
| 13837360431 | Elastic Clause | -Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 -states that Congress can make all laws "necessary and proper" for carrying out tasks listed in Constitution | 35 | |
| 13837360432 | Checks and Balances | -system in which no branch of federal gov has more power than the others -each branch is checked by the other two | 36 | |
| 13837360436 | Delegated Powers (examples) | -maintain army and navy -declare war -coin money -regulate trade between states and with foreign nations -make all laws necessary for carrying out delegated powers | 37 | |
| 13837360437 | Reserved Powers(examples) | -conduct elections -establish schools -regulate businesses within a state -establish local gov -regulate marriages -assume other powers not given to the federal gov or denied to states | 38 | |
| 13837360438 | Concurrent Powers(examples) | -enforce laws -establish courts -borrow money -protect safety of people -build roads -collect taxes | 39 | |
| 13837360439 | Expressed Powers of Congress | -explicitly said in Constitution ---Peace Powers ---War Powers | 40 | |
| 13837360440 | Implied Powers of Congress | -not explicitly said in Constitution | 41 | |
| 13837360389 | Republicanism | A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws | 42 | |
| 13837360390 | Census | the official count of a population | 43 | |
| 13837360391 | appeal | To ask a higher court to review the decision and determine if justice was done | 44 | |
| 13837360392 | amendment 15 | Gave any man of color the right to vote | 45 | |
| 13837360393 | amendment 19 | Gave women the right to vote | 46 | |
| 13837360394 | Declaration of Independence | -Thomas Jefferson -Writing for freedom and putting life in danger -Colonist of America want their freedom and give numerous examples of the king violating their freedoms -Gave power to the ppl for govt control | 47 | |
| 13837360395 | Articles of Confederation | -Ben Franklin and 13 Colonies -Not Bias -Established the functions of the new US national and state govt from 1777-1781 -Encourages coordination and cooperation b/w different states | 48 | |
| 13837360396 | Brutus 1 | -Group of Anti Federalist authors -anti federalist, weak central govt, opposed constitution -Govt will become too powerful if the constitution is ratified -ppl wont get their liberties bc of strong central govt | 49 | |
| 13837360397 | Federalist 51 | -James Madison -Federalist, strong central govt -Checks and balances and seperation of powers is vital to the govt -Congress divided into 2 parts, to prevent fm becoming too powerful | 50 | |
| 13837360398 | Federalist 10 | -James Madison -Federalist, strong central govt -US constitution deals with the threat of factions -Inevitable but can be controlled | 51 | |
| 13837360399 | Federalist 70 | -Alexander Hamilton -Federalist, strong central govt -Its best to have a strong, powerful president leading the country -Powerful president best protects liberty against factions and anarchist | 52 | |
| 13837360400 | Federalist 78 | -Alexander Hamilton -Federalist, strong central govt - Power of judicial review. Federal courts have the duty to determine where acts of congress are constitutional or not -Citizens insured bill of rights freedoms | 53 | |
| 13837360401 | Letter from Birmingham Jail | -MLK -Fighting for rights -Segregation violated constitution bc it went against the ideal that all citizens are treated equal -Powerful wording imagery | 54 | |
| 13837360402 | delegate powers of congress | Power to tax, borrow money, regulate currency and commerce, declare war, | 55 | |
| 13837360403 | delegate powers of president | Commander in Chief, grant pardons, make treaties, appoint govt officials, sign/ veto legislation, state of union | 56 | |
| 13837360441 | delegate powers of judiciary | -to determine if all laws made by Congress and President are constitutional, final authority on the interpretation of the Constitution, final authority on federal cases | 57 | |
| 13837360404 | amendment 14 | rights of citizens: 1)all persons born in the united states are granted citizenship, 2) no state can deny any person the equal protection of the laws, 3)no state can deny any person life, liberty, property without due process of law | 58 | |
| 13837360405 | amendment 16 | Gave Congress power to collect taxes on income | 59 | |
| 13837360406 | amendment 24 | Abolition of poll taxes | 60 | |
| 13837360407 | amendment 26 | Voting Age Set to 18 Years | 61 | |
| 13837360408 | bully pulpit | a conspicuous position that provides an opportunity to speak out and be listened to | 62 | |
| 13837360409 | electoral college | a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. | 63 | |
| 13837922483 | speaker of the house | elected by the majority party, third in line of succession, assigns bills to committees | 64 | |
| 13837937323 | majority leader | The legislative leader selected by the majority party who helps plan party strategy, confers with other party leaders, and tries to keep members of the party in line. | 65 | |
| 13837948292 | majority whip | responsible for party discipline, keeping members "in line" and generally enforcing "proper" party behavior | 66 | |
| 13837968950 | minority leader/ minority whip | same as majority positions but elected by minority party | 67 | |
| 13838015910 | President Pro Tempore | ceremonial title, presides when the vice president is unavailable, otherwise same power as any other senator | 68 | |
| 13838126127 | taxation | the levying of tax | 69 | |
| 13838140911 | bi-partisan | both political parties working together | 70 | |
| 13858162812 | Equal Protection Clause | 14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination | 71 | |
| 13858162813 | Due Process Clause | 14th amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law | 72 | |
| 13864183392 | delegated powers | Those powers, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government stated in the constitution | 73 | |
| 13864193969 | concurrent powers | powers shared by the national and state governments | 74 | |
| 13864196153 | reserved powers | Powers given to the state government alone | 75 |
