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| 514758346 | Cue (political) | A signal, frequently provided by interest groups, that tells a politician what values are at stake in an issue & how that issue fits into his or her own set of political beliefs | 0 | |
| 514758347 | Direct mail | A mailing from an interest group focused at a specialized audience whose purpose is both to raise money and mobilize supporters | 1 | |
| 514758348 | Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 | Required groups & individuals seeking to influence legislation to register with the secretary of the Senate & the clerk of the House of Rep. Quarterly financial reports on expenses were also to be filed. (Not very effective - 1995 legislation more stringent) | 2 | |
| 514758349 | Ideological Interest Group | An organization that attracts members by appealing to their interests on a coherent set of controversial principles | 3 | |
| 514758350 | Incentive | Something of value offered by mass-membership organizations to get people to join; exclusive to members | 4 | |
| 514758351 | Institutional Interests | Organization that seeks to influence public policy. | 5 | |
| 514758352 | Lobby | A group that attempts to influence legislation through direct contact with members of the legislative or executive branches | 6 | |
| 514758353 | Lobbyist | A person attempting to influence government policy on behalf of a lobby | 7 | |
| 514758354 | Material Incentive | Something tangible, such as money or services, which attract people to join mass-membership organizations | 8 | |
| 514758355 | Membership Interests | A type of interest group that represents the interest of its members | 9 | |
| 514758356 | Pluralistic Political System | A description of the American political system, once used by scholars, contending that the policy-making process encompasses the effective competition of interest groups. This account is generally considered wrong, or at least incomplete | 10 | |
| 514758357 | Political Action Committee (PAC) | An organization which finances candidates and may lobby. Such organizations can contribute no more than $5,000 to a federal candidate in any election | 11 | |
| 514758358 | Purposive Incentive | An incentive to join a mass-membership organization based on the appeal of the group's goal | 12 | |
| 514758359 | Ratings | A type of cue supplied by some interest groups that ranks legislators on their degree of support for a particular cause, such as unions or the environment. These can be helpful sources of information, but are often biased | 13 | |
| 514758360 | Social Movement | A widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order | 14 | |
| 514758361 | Solidary Incentive | An inducement to join a mass-membership organization based on the sense of pleasure, status, or companionship derived from membership | 15 | |
| 514758362 | Interest Groups | Groups that share goals, ideas and try to influence public policy | 16 | |
| 514758363 | How are interest groups good? | Democratic nature, band together in times of trouble | 17 | |
| 514758364 | How are interest groups bad? | According to Madison's Fed. #10, competing factions, government doesn't suppress but instead mediates, thus some are more powerful | 18 | |
| 514758365 | What are the five benefits/roles of government? | representation - of group participation - in political process education - of group/society agenda building - address issue that government isn't program monitoring - if not working, change | 19 | |
| 514758366 | Why are interest groups common in the U.S.? | Many kinds of cleavages, constitution makes many access points to gov't, pol. parties are weakening, interest groups work directly on gov't | 20 | |
| 514758367 | What interest groups were prevalent in 1770s? | Independence groups | 21 | |
| 514758368 | What interest groups were prevalent in 1830-1840s? | Religious, antislavery | 22 | |
| 514758369 | What interest groups were prevalent in 1880-1890s? | Business, unions | 23 | |
| 514758370 | What interest groups were prevalent in 1900-1920s? | Charities | 24 | |
| 514758371 | What interest groups were prevalent in 1960s? | Civil rights, environmental, consumer, antiwar | 25 | |
| 514758372 | What factors explain the rise of interest groups? | Economic development creates new interest, gov't policy (e.g. wars create veterans), emergence of strong leaders | 26 | |
| 514758373 | What are the main resources of an interest group? | Members, lobbyists, PACs, money | 27 | |
| 514758374 | Which interest groups can maintain members well, which can't? | Unions and professional groups do well (esp. with closed shop), while citizen groups do poorly | 28 | |
| 514758375 | What do new interest groups need to do? | Need to distinguish themselves, int. groups are competitive | 29 | |
| 514758376 | What 2 professions do most lobbyists come from? | Politicians and lawyers | 30 | |
| 514758377 | What is there in increase in PAC-wise? | Ideological PACs; 1/3 lib., 2/3 conserv. | 31 | |
| 514758378 | Who gets the most PAC money? | Incumbents | 32 | |
| 514758379 | How is PAC money generally given to parties? | Labor (unions) to Dem., business split between Dem. & Rep. | 33 | |
| 514758380 | What are the main activities of interest groups? | Direct contact, revolving door, grassroots, information campaigns, coalition building | 34 | |
| 514758381 | How does direct contact work? | Meetings with legislature, testify @ committee hearings, legal advocacy (litigation over a law), best when lobbying for/against a specific bill. Most common activity | 35 | |
| 514758382 | How does the revolving door work? | Lobbies provide promise of future jobs to gov't officials | 36 | |
| 514758383 | What is the iron triangle? | Relationship between Executive Department, a Congressional committee, and an interest group | 37 | |
| 514758384 | How does grassroots work? | Letter writing, phone calls, faxes to gov't officials, protests - draw media attention, unable to sustain anger for a long period of time, most effective when it involves a lot of people and a controversial issue | 38 | |
| 514758385 | How does an information campaign work? | Sponsor research & meetings, most effective on narrow & technical issues, gov't officials need cues, rating systems. Most important activity | 39 | |
| 514758386 | How does coalition building work? | Interest groups with similar interests band together | 40 | |
| 514758387 | How do interest groups show an upper-class bias? | More affluent & educated are more likely to join, business/prof. groups are more numerous & better financed | 41 | |
| 514758388 | How do interest groups show a lack of upper-class bias? | Often divided among themselves, poor represented by rich | 42 | |
| 514758389 | What are membership rates for int. groups in the U.S. like compared to Western Europe? | Social, business, professional: same rate as elsewhere Unions: less likely (except closed shop) Religious, political, civic: more likely | 43 | |
| 514758390 | What are the incentives to join an int. group? | Solidary (campanionship), material ($ and services), purposive (goal of organization) | 44 | |
| 514758391 | What are ideological interest groups, or citizen groups? | Not related to members' professions, get more media coverage | 45 | |
| 514758392 | What are public interest groups? | Purpose principally benefits nonmembers | 46 | |
| 514758393 | What is a social movement? | A widely shared demand for change | 47 | |
| 514758394 | How are interest groups protected? | First Amendment (mainly right to free speech and petition) | 48 | |
| 514758395 | How did the 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act work? | Accomplished little in requiring registration, no staff to enforce the laws | 49 | |
| 514758396 | What restrictions did the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act place on int. groups? | Requires 2 reports per year, including client names, expenditures, and issues; bans gifts from lobbyists | 50 | |
| 514758397 | Who is exempted from the 95 Lobbying Disclosure Act? | Grassroots organizations | 51 | |
| 514758398 | How is the 95 Lobbying Disclosure Act enforced? | No enforcement agency, but Justice Department may take action | 52 | |
| 514758399 | Who is this Quizlet brought to you by? | John Peichel, Moderate Party candidate Everything's better in moderation | 53 |
