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| 6571173495 | Patronage | One of the key inducements used by machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone. | 0 | |
| 6571173496 | Spoils System | The old system of giving government jobs to friends and political allies regardless of their qualifications | 1 | |
| 6571173497 | Pendleton Civil Service Act | Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage. | 2 | |
| 6571173498 | Merit Principle | The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill. | 3 | |
| 6571173499 | Hatch Act | A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. | 4 | |
| 6571173502 | Bureaucracy | According to Max Weber, the hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality. Bureaucracies govern modern states. It is the term for the hundreds of agencies within the executive branch. | 5 | |
| 6571173503 | Independent Regulatory Agency | responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules supposedly to protect the public interest. It also judges disputes over these rules. e.g. The Interstate Commerce Commission, Federal Reserve Board, Securities Exchange Commission are examples. | 6 | |
| 6571173504 | Governmental Corporations | A government organization that provides a service that could be provided by the private sector and typically charges for its services. The U.S. Postal Service, Corporation for Public Radio, and Amtrak are examples. | 7 | |
| 6571173505 | Independent Executive Agency | The government not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory agencies, and government corporations. Its administrators are typically appointed by the president and serve at the president's pleasure. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and General Services Administration are examples. | 8 | |
| 6571173506 | Whistle Blower Protection Act | The law that created the Office of Special Counsel, charged with investigating complaints from bureaucrats that were punished after reporting to Congress about waste, fraud, or abuse in their agencies. | 9 | |
| 6571173507 | Standard Operating Procedures | these procedures are used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations. Uniformity improves fairness and makes personnel interchangeable. | 10 | |
| 6571173508 | Deregulation | The lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer. | 11 | |
| 6571173509 | Executive Orders | Regulations originating from the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy; more often, though, presidents pass along their wishes through their aides. | 12 | |
| 6571173510 | Iron Triangles | Entities composed of bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees, which have dominated some areas of domestic policymaking. These are characterized by mutual dependency, in which each element provides key services, information, or policy for the others. | 13 | |
| 6571173511 | Expenditures | Federal spending of revenues. Major areas such as spending are social services and the military. | 14 | |
| 6571173512 | Incrementalism | The belief that the best predictor of this year's budget is the last year's budget, plus a little bit more. | 15 | |
| 6571173513 | Entitlements | Benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and that the government cannot deny. | 16 | |
| 6571173514 | House Ways and Means Committee | The House of Representatives committee that, along with the Senate Finance Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole. | 17 | |
| 6571173515 | Senate Finance Committee | The Senate committee that, along with the House Ways and Means Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole. | 18 | |
| 6571173518 | Office of Personnel Management | In charge of hiring for most federal agencies, director is appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate. It has elaborate rules about hiring, promotion, working conditions, and firing | 19 | |
| 6571173520 | Congressional Budget Office (CBO) | Advises Congress on the probable consequences of its decisions, forecasts revenues, and is a counterweight to the president's OMB. | 20 | |
| 6571173521 | Authorization | Legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency; may grant permission to spend a certain amount of money, but that money is not available until it is appropriated | 21 | |
| 6571173523 | Budget Sequestration | The automatic spending cuts to United States federal government spending in particular categories of outlays as an austerity fiscal policy as a result of Budget Control Act of 2011 | 22 | |
| 6571173524 | Issue Networks | Complex systems of relationships between groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes | 23 | |
| 6571173526 | Department of Agriculture | Cabinet Department - began in 1862 under Lincoln. has jurisdiction over anything food related including food stamps program, school lunch programs, and meals on wheels. | 24 | |
| 6571173527 | Department of Commerce | Cabinet Department - provides assistance to American businesses, issues patents and trademarks, conducts the national census, and maintains official weighs and measures | 25 | |
| 6571173528 | Department of Defense | Cabinet Department - entrusted with formulating military policies and maintaining American military forces. Its top official is a civilian. It is headquartered in the Pentagon. | 26 | |
| 6571173529 | Department of Energy | Cabinet Department - plans energy policy and researches alternative power sources | 27 | |
| 6571173530 | Department of the Interior | Cabinet Department - protects public land and natural resources and handles relations with Native Americans | 28 | |
| 6571173531 | Department of Justice | Cabinet Department - federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (includes FBI, Civil Rights Division, Antitrust Division, Drug Enforcement Administration...) - Attorney General | 29 | |
| 6571173532 | Department of Labor | Cabinet Department - protects the rights of workers, safe working environments, OSHA, enforce minimum wage | 30 | |
| 6571173533 | Department of State | Cabinet Department - staffs embassies and handles foreign affairs | 31 | |
| 6571173534 | Department of Transportation | Cabinet Department - regulates all aspects of American Transportation needs including airlines A department of the federal executive branch responsible for the national highways and for railroad and airline safety. It also manages Amtrak and the national railroad system. | 32 | |
| 6571173535 | Department of Treasury | Cabinet Department - prints and mints all paper currency and coins in circulation through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint. The Department also collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service, and manages U.S. government debt instruments. | 33 | |
| 6571173536 | Department of Veteran's Affairs | Cabinet Department - a federal agency that administers Benefits provided by law for veterans of the armed forces. | 34 | |
| 6571173537 | Department of Health and Human Services | Cabinet Department - administrative unit of the federal government with four major service divisions and many different sections. Includes the Public Health Services, CDC, NIH, FDA, Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services, and Health Resources Administration and oversees Obamacare | 35 | |
| 6571173538 | Department of Housing and Urban Development | Cabinet Department - increased federal aid to low-income apartment renters and built more federal housing projects. Part of Johnson's War on Poverty. | 36 | |
| 6571173539 | Department of Education | Cabinet Department - manages federal education programs, oversees educational grants to the states. | 37 | |
| 6571173540 | Department of Homeland Security | Cabinet Department -formed in 2002 from the combination of 22 departments and agencies, the Department works to improve the security of the United States. They cover the areas of customs, border, and immigration enforcement; emergency response to natural and man-made disasters; anti-terrorism work; and cyber-security. | 38 |
