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AP Government Chapter 11 Flashcards

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8577395241incumbentsthose individuals who already hold office who are running for reelection. they usually win the election0
8577418743casework/ constituent servicesactivities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get1
8577442094pork barrelfederal projects, grants, and contracts available to state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district2
8577453744bicameral legislaturea legislature divided into houses. congress and all state legislatures except Nebraska's are this3
8577467287House Rules Committeethe committee in the House that reviews most bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full house4
8577477750filibustera strategy only in the Senate where opponents of a piece of legislation use their right to unlimited debate to prevent the Senate form ever voting on a bill5
8577494285Speaker of the Housean office mandated by the Constitution. example: Paul Ryan6
8577507770majority leaderthe principle partisan all of the Speaker of the House or the majority party's manager in the Senate. responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes on behalf of the party's legislative positions7
8577524999whipparty leaders who work with the majority leader to count voted beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to the passage of a favored bill8
8577538103minority leaderprincipal leader of the minority part in the House or Senate9
8577546240standing committeescommittees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas10
8577550045joint committeescommittees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses11
8577558592conference committeescommittees formed when the Senate and the House pass a bill in different forms. members create a compromise bill12
8577569201select committeescommittees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation13
8577580965oversightcongress's monitoring of the executive branch bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly through committee hearings14
8577600949committee chairsleader of committees who schedule hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house; have important influence on the congressional agenda15
8577621245seniority systema simple rule for picking committee chairs by the member who has served on the committee the longest and whose party controls the chamber becoming chair16
8577642187caucusa group of members of congress sharing some interest or characteristic17
8577650035billa proposed law drafted in legal language18
8577751042bipartisanof or involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other's policies.19
8577754847Christmas Tree Billreferring to a bill that attracts many, often unrelated, floor amendments20
8577770465closed ruleis a procedural maneuver that prohibits any amendments to bills up for a vote on the House floor, unless they are recommended by the committee reporting the bill21
8577780731cloturea procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.22
8577788967consitutentbeing a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect23
8577798868delegatea person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference24
8577806124discharge petitiona means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee by "discharging" the committee from further consideration of a bill or resolution25
8577814389earmarka congressional directive that funds should be spent on a specific project26
8577823062Franking Privilegeallows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature without postage27
8577835634policy generalistshave vague and general ideals on policies28
8577835635policy specialistsparticular subject and become a subject matter expert to know about the laws and government in that area29
8577860904open rulea set of regulations for debate on the floor of the House of Representatives which permits general debate and allows members to offer amendments30
8577866770overrideuse one's authority to reject or cancel31
8577874674partisanstrong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party32
8577892413party caucusA meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy33
8577909331pocket vetoA form of veto in which the president fails to sign a bill passed by both houses within ten days and Congress has adjourned during that time34
8577931990president pro temporea high-ranking senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president35
8577937963reapportionmentRedistribution of representation in a legislative body, especially the periodic re-allotment of US congressional seats according to changes in the census figures as required by the Constitution36
8577948870redistrictingdivide or organize into new political districts37
8577959153resolutiona firm decision to do or not to do something38
8577963526concurrent resolutiona resolution adopted by both houses of a legislative assembly that does not require the signature of the chief executive and that does not have the force of law39
8577971982rideran additional provision added to a bill or other measure under the consideration by a legislature, having little connection with the subject matter of the bill40
8577983377safe seatAn elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party's candidate is almost taken for granted41
8577991698senatorial courtesya system in which the president submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the senators from the candidate's state before formally submitting it for full senate approval42
8577999471trusteecongressmen who use their own best interest43
8578011721mark-upprocess by which a U.S congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation44
8578022209logrollinglegislator supports a proposal favored by another in return for support in his or her45
8578043123power, salary, and health benefitswhy would someone want to be a congressman?46
857805236325 years old and citizen for 7 yearsrequirements to be a US House representative47
857806069630 years old and citizen for 9 yearsrequirements to be US Senator48
8578065710reside in statecharacteristic required for both House and Senate members49
8578072892nois the makeup of congress proportional to American society?50
8578076901noare men and women seen equally in elections?51
8578088914election of incumbentwhat is the most predictable aspect of congressional elections?52
8578103158yesare incumbents successful in reelection bids?53
8578108377scandal/corruption, gerrymandering, and party favor flipswhen are incumbents most vulnerable at election time?54
8578123248senateis filibustering in the Senate or House?55
8578130052House Rules Committee in the House and filibustering in the Senatewhat is a major difference in passing a bill between senate and House56
8578139356conference, joint, standing, special/selectname all the committees in congress57
8578151037long termare standing committees long term or short term?58
8578158584bothare joint committees long term or short term?59
8578165547short termare conference committees long term or short term?60
8578173073long termare special/ select committees long term or short term?61
8578186226anyonewho can write a bill?62
8578188030an elected memberwho can purpose a bill to congress?63
8578193226white house and interest groupswhere does congress get ideas for bills?64
8578227142polarized politicsrefers to the divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes65
8578250712listen, ignore, or ideologywhat are the three "roles" legislators can play when deciding their position on a policy?66
8578262360lobbyistsformer congress members who take part in trying to influence legislators67
8578272784435how many representatives in the House?68
8578277199100how many senators?69
8578282660descriptive representationrepresenting constituents by reflecting their personal, politically relevant characteristics70
8578288933substantive representationspeak for the interests of groups to which they do not belong71
8578300828childcare, bias, consideration of riskwhy are there not more women running/elected for congress?72
8578312992advertising, credit claiming, position taking, weak opponents, and campaign spendingname the five advantages of incumbency73
8578332014when an incumbent is not runningwhen does the most overturn occur?74
8578337938the Housewhere do bills dealing with revenue originate?75
857834650060how many votes are required for cloture?76
8589489365by the majority partyhow is the Speaker of the House elected?77
8589497452vice presidentwho is president of the senate?78
8589503624majority leaderwho is the most powerful leader in the senate?79
8589511958ways and means committeecommittee that deals with taxes for the House80
8589519369rules committeecommittee that creates rule for the House81
8598136750what do my constituents want?what do delegates think of when they are participating in law?82
8598155941combonationwhat do politicos think of when they are participating in law?83

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