Terms : Hide Images
| 14965539759 | Federalism | Government authority shared by national and local governments |  | 0 |
| 14965539760 | "necessary and proper" clause | Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution. |  | 1 |
| 14965539761 | dual federalism | Doctrine holding tht the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate |  | 2 |
| 14965539762 | unitary system | sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government, so that the states and localities are dependent on its will |  | 3 |
| 14965539763 | Confederation | states are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit |  | 4 |
| 14965539764 | categorial grants | federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport |  | 5 |
| 14965539765 | mandates | terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants |  | 6 |
| 14965539766 | intergovernmental relations | The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments. | 7 | |
| 14965539767 | Supremacy Clause | Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. | 8 | |
| 14965539768 | Tenth Amendment | Amendment stating that the powers not delegated to the federal gov. are reserved to the states | 9 | |
| 14965539769 | McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government | 10 | |
| 14965539770 | enumerated powers | The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution. | 11 | |
| 14965539771 | implied powers | Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions. | 12 | |
| 14965539772 | Elastic Clause | The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. | 13 | |
| 14965539773 | Gibbons v. Ogden | Commerce clause case (1824). Decision greatly enlarged Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all types of economic activity. | 14 | |
| 14965539774 | full faith and credit | A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states. | 15 | |
| 14965539775 | Extradition | The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state | 16 | |
| 14965539776 | privileges and immunities | The provision of the Constitution according citizens of each state the privileges of citizens of other states. | 17 | |
| 14965539777 | Cooperative Federalism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. | 18 | |
| 14965539778 | Devolution | Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments. | 19 | |
| 14965539779 | Fiscal Federalism | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments. | 20 | |
| 14965539780 | project grants | Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications | 21 | |
| 14965539781 | formula grants | Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations. | 22 | |
| 14965539782 | block grants | Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services | 23 | |
| 14965539783 | New Federalism | A policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states are closer to the people and problems) | 24 | |
| 14965614162 | Decentralization | Degree to which decision-making authority is given to state government instead of federal. | 25 | |
| 14965614163 | revenue sharing | the distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments. | 26 | |
| 14965614164 | U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. | 27 |
