Terms : Hide Images
| 4767801123 | Civil Rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. | 0 | |
| 4767805406 | 14th amendment | Tthe Constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." | 1 | |
| 4767801139 | Equal Protection of the Law | Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people. As one member of Congress said during debate on the Amendment, it should provide "equal protection of life, liberty, and property" to all a state's citizens. | 2 | |
| 4767801136 | 13th Amendment | The constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude | 3 | |
| 4767801137 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. See also civil rights movement and civil rights policies. | 4 | |
| 4767801134 | Suffrage | The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the 15th Amendment, to women by the 19th Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the 26th Amendment. | 5 | |
| 4767801142 | Dred Scott v. Sanford | The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. | 6 | |
| 4767801146 | Plessy v. Ferguson | An 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races" was not unconstitutional. | 7 | |
| 4767801124 | Brown v. Board of Education | The 1954 Supreme Court decision that school segregation in Topeka Kansas was inherently unconstitutional b/c it violated the 14th Amend. guarantee of equal protection. Marks end of legal segregation in US | 8 | |
| 4767829436 | Hernandez v. Texas | The 1954 Supreme court case that declared Mexican Americans and all other racial groups had equal protection under the 14th amendment. | 9 | |
| 4767801125 | Affirmative Action | Policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment of members of some previously disadvantaged group. | 10 | |
| 4767801135 | 15th Amendment | The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans | 11 | |
| 4767801145 | Poll Taxes | Small taxes levied on the right to vote, that often fell due at a time of year when poor Afric Amer sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. Method used in Southern states to exclude Afric. Amer from voting registers. Declared void by the 24th Amend in 1964. | 12 | |
| 4767801133 | White Primary | One of the means used to discourage African Amer. voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests. The Supreme Court declared unconstitutional in 1941. See grandfather clause and poll taxes. | 13 | |
| 4767801143 | 24th Amendment | The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void. | 14 | |
| 4767801148 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to Afric Amer suffrage. Under the law, federal registrars were sent to Southern states and counties that had long histories of discrimination; as a result, hundreds of thousands of Afri Amer were registered and the number of AfriAmer elected officials increased dramatically. | 15 | |
| 4767801131 | 19th Amendment | Constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote. See suffrage. | 16 | |
| 4767801128 | Korematsu v. US | 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II. | 17 | |
| 4767801129 | Reed v. Reed | Landmark Case in 1971 in which the Supreme Court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. | 18 | |
| 4767801127 | Craig v. Boren | 1976 Supreme Court decision determined that gender classification cases would have a "heightened" or "middle level" of scrutiny. In other words, courts were to show less deference to gender classifications than to more routine classifications, but more deference than to racial classifications. | 19 | |
| 4767821817 | Equal Rights Amendment | a Constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. | 20 | |
| 4767801140 | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | A law that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. | 21 | |
| 4767801132 | Adarand Constructors v. Pena | 1995 Supreme. Court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional. Such programs must be subject to the most searching judicial inquiry and can survive only if they are "narrowly tailored" to accomplish a "compelling governmental interest." | 22 | |
| 4767801130 | Civil Rights Movement | Began in the 1950's. Organized both African Amer and whites to end the policies of segregation. Sought to establish equal opportunities in the political and economic sectors and to end policies that erected barriers between people because of race. | 23 | |
| 4767801147 | Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. The Court did not, however, rule that such affirmative action policies and the use of race as a criterion for admission were unconstitutional, only that they had to be formulated differently. | 24 | |
| 4767801144 | Grandfather Clause | One method used by Southern states to deny African Americans the right to vote. In order to exempt illiterate whites from taking a literacy test before voting, the clause exempted people whose grand fathers were eligible to vote in 1860, thereby disenfranchising the grandchildren of slaves. Supreme Court declared unconstitutional in 1913. | 25 |
