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AP Government Chapter 6 Flashcards

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7904663758Public OpinionThe distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.0
7904663759DemographyThe science of population changes.1
7904663760CensusAn actual enumeration of the population, which the Constitution requires that the government conduct every 10 years. The census is a valuable tool for understanding demographic changes.2
7904663761Melting PotA term often used to characterize the United States, with its history of immigration and mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples.3
7904663762Minority MajorityThe situation, likely beginning in the mid-twenty-first century, in which the non-Hispanic whites will represent a minority of the U.S. population and minority groups together will represent a majority.4
7904663763Political CultureAn overall set of values widely shared within a society.5
7904663764ReapportionmentThe process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census.6
7904663765Political SocializationThe process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge, based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others.7
7904663766SampleA relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole.8
7904663767Random SamplingThe key technique employed by survey researches, which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample.9
7904663768Sampling ErrorThe level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll. The more people interviewed, the more confident one can be of the results.10
7904663769Random-digit dialingA technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey.11
7904663770Exit PollPublic Opinion surveys used by major media pollsters to predict electoral winners with speed and precision.12
7904663771Political IdeologyA coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose, which helps give meaning to political events.13
7904663772LiberalismA political ideology that prefers a government active in dealing with human needs, support individual rights and liberties, and give higher priority to social needs than to military needs. Opp. of Conservatism.14
7904663773ConservatismPolitical ideology that fears a growth of government, deplore government drag on private sector initiatives, dislike permissiveness in society, and play priority on military over social needs. Opp. of Liberalism.15
7904663774Gender GapThe regular pattern in which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates, in part because they tend to be less conservative than men and more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending.16
7904663775Political ParticipationAll the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. The most common means of political participation in a democracy is voting; other means include protest and civil disobedience.17
7904663776ProtestA form of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics.18
7904663777Civil DisobedienceA form of political participation based on a conscious decision to break a law believed to be unjust and to suffer the consequences.19
7904663778Political EfficacyThe belief that ordinary people can influence the government.20
7904663779LibertarianPerson who believes the government should be as small and interfere with people's life as little as possible.21
7904663780Quota SamplingOpposite to random sampling. It is when you take a certain group of people before you random sample. First, get the random sample, then you will group them into sub sets with quota sample. Certain groups here and there for the poll.22
7904663781Push PollsAn ostensible opinion poll in which the true objective is to sway voters using loaded or manipulative questions.23
7904663782Bandwagon EffectAn effect in which voters may support a candidate only because they see that others are doing so.24
7904663783Skewed Questiona question phrased in such a way that a certain answer is more likely to be given.25
7904663784Question FramingCertain way of framing the question for polls and surveys. Different ways of framing to get different, bias results. It is a subset of skewed question, it is a type of skewed question.26
7904663785Baker v Carr"one person, one vote" standard, each individual had to be weighted equally in legislative apportionment27
7904663786GerrymanderingManipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.28
7904663787George Gallupdeveloped the science of public opinion polling29
7904663788Group benefit voters- voting for parties based on which one would benefit groups that voters belonged to or supported.30
7904663789IdeologuesWhen voters vote along primarily, ideological lines31
7904663790Simpson - Mazzoli Act-required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status and made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants32
7904663791Straw pollan unofficial poll or vote taken to determine the opinion of a group or the public on some issue33
7904663792Redistrictingthe re-drawing of district lines by the state legislatures after the 435 seats of the House are re-apportioned and each state receives its apportioned number of seats.34
7904663793Reapportionment- the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census.35
7904663794No issue contentvote for candidates on their personality but not on issues or ideological reasons.36
7904663795Nature of the times votersvoting one the political party who is linked to good times. Example- voting Republican because they promise to get the nation out of the recession37
7904663796Political culturean overall set of values widely shared within a society38
7904663797Political efficacya citizen's capacity to understand and influence political events39

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