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| 13511639513 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalists concerns. These amendments define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendant's rights. | 0 | |
| 13511639514 | Civil liberties | The constitutional and other legal protections against government actions. They are formally set down in the Bill of Rights. | 1 | |
| 13511639515 | Cruel and unusual punishment | Court sentences prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. | 2 | |
| 13511639516 | Due process clause | Part of the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the United States or state governments without due process of law. | 3 | |
| 13511639517 | Eighth Amendment | The constitutional amendment that forbids cruel and unusual punishment. | 4 | |
| 13511639518 | Establishment clause | Part of the First Amendment stating that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." | 5 | |
| 13511639519 | Exclusionary rule | The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through unreasonable search and seizure. | 6 | |
| 13511639520 | First Amendment | The constitutional amendment that establishes that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly. | 7 | |
| 13511639521 | Fourteenth Amendment | The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that declares "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." | 8 | |
| 13511639522 | Free exercise clause | A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. | 9 | |
| 13511639523 | Incorporation doctrine | The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. | 10 | |
| 13511639524 | Equal Protection Clause | 14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination | 11 | |
| 13511639525 | Libel | The publication of false and malicious statements that damage someone's reputation. | 12 | |
| 13511639526 | Prior restraint | Government actions preventing materials from being published. Usually prohibited by the First Amendment, as confirmed in Near v. Minnesota. | 13 | |
| 13511639527 | Probable cause | The situation in which the police have reasonable grounds to believe that a person should be arrested. | 14 | |
| 13511639528 | Right to privacy | The right to a private personal life free from the intrusion of government. | 15 | |
| 13511639529 | Search warrant | A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for. | 16 | |
| 13511639530 | Second Amendment | A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. | 17 | |
| 13511639531 | Self-incrimination | The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court. The Fifth Amendment forbids involuntarily self-incrimination. | 18 | |
| 13511639532 | Fifth Amendment | A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law. | 19 | |
| 13511639533 | Sixth Amendment | A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial. | 20 | |
| 13511639534 | Fourth Amendment | Protects against unreasonable search and seizure | 21 | |
| 13511639535 | Symbolic speech | Nonverbal communication such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some protection under the First Amendment. | 22 | |
| 13511639536 | Commercial Speech | Communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than many other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the Supreme Court. | 23 | |
| 13511639537 | Unreasonable search and seizure | Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. Probable cause and/or a search warrant are required for a legal and proper search for and seizure of incriminating evidence. | 24 | |
| 13511639538 | Barron v. Baltimore (1833) | Supreme Court case which re-enforced Dual Federalism and Dual Citizenship | 25 | |
| 13511639539 | Privileges and Immunities | People born or naturalized are U.S. Citizens..."single citizenship" | 26 | |
| 13511639540 | Gitlow v. New York (1925) | 1st Supreme Court case where 14th amendment is applicable to the states | 27 | |
| 13511639541 | Engel v. Vitale (1962) | School sponsorship of religious activities violates establishment clause | 28 | |
| 13511639542 | Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) | Mandatory attendance by Amish students past 8th grade violates free exercise | 29 | |
| 13511639543 | NY Times v. U.S. (1971) | "Heavy Presumption" to take away prior restraint | 30 | |
| 13511639544 | Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | Student symbolic speech case as long as it does not take away from school environment | 31 | |
| 13511639545 | Schenck v. U.S. (1919) | During times of war government can take civil liberties "clear and present danger" | 32 | |
| 13511639546 | McDonald v. Chicago (2010) | 2nd amendment rights extended states and local laws for self defense of one's home | 33 | |
| 13511639547 | Miranda v. Arizona | Rights of the accused case which dealt with self-incrimination | 34 | |
| 13511639548 | Gideon v. Wainwright | Pauper clause which people have a right to an attorney even if they can not afford one is applicable to states and local laws | 35 | |
| 13511639549 | Roe v. Wade (1973) | Right to privacy case which included the 4th, 5th and 9th Amendments | 36 | |
| 13511639550 | Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) | Marriage is a fundamental right (due process) and that states can not deny equal protection of marriage | 37 | |
| 13511639551 | Seventh Amendment | Right to a trial by jury in civil cases | 38 | |
| 13511639552 | Ninth Amendment | states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution. | 39 |
