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| 9648958108 | Civil Rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. | 0 | |
| 9648958109 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens & are guaranteed equal protection of the laws; citizenship by birth & naturalization; prohibited state gov. from infringing on equal rights; gave black Americans citizenship & legal equality; still allowed the North to prohibit black suffrage. | 1 | |
| 9648958110 | Equal Protection of the laws | a standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government- 14th amendment | 2 | |
| 9648958113 | Plessy vs. Ferguson | (1896) Supreme Court decision that created the "separate but equal" doctrine. As a result many states across the South had "Jim Crow Laws." Separate water fountains, restrooms, entrances, segregated seating at movie theatres, etc. Most importantly, segregated schools. |  | 3 |
| 9648958114 | Brown vs. Board of Education | 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |  | 4 |
| 9648958115 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | law making racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbid many forms of job discrimination. Public discrimination |  | 5 |
| 9648958121 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. |  | 6 |
| 9648958125 | Equal Rights Amendment | A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. |  | 7 |
| 9648958128 | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | Passed by Congress in 1990, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings. |  | 8 |
| 9648958129 | Affirmative Action | A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities |  | 9 |
| 9648958130 | Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke | A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could weigh race or ethnic background as an element of admitting, but couldn't set aside places for members of particular racial groups. |  | 10 |
| 9649061230 | de facto segregation | Legal racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens "by fact" rather than by legal requirement. | 11 | |
| 9649103859 | de jure segregation | Legal separation of people groups enforced by law | 12 | |
| 9649642147 | Obergefell v Hodges | held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees the right to marry as one of the fundamental liberties it protects, and that analysis applies to same-sex couples in the same manner as it does to opposite-sex couples | 13 | |
| 9649664059 | Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment | "...no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws" | 14 |
