AP Test Prep
Terms : Hide Images
| 9800948519 | K Street | A shorthand term for Washington lobbyists, derived from the name of the street in Washington, DC, where lobbying firms were once concentrated. |  | 0 |
| 9800948520 | Lobbyist | someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor | 1 | |
| 9800948521 | Interest Group | an organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy | 2 | |
| 9800948522 | Solidary Incentives | the social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations | 3 | |
| 9800948523 | Material Incentives | Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization. | 4 | |
| 9800948524 | Purposive Incentives | a reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group that is based on agreement with the goals of the group | 5 | |
| 9800948525 | Ideological Interest Group | political organization that attracts members by appealing to their political convictions or principles | 6 | |
| 9800948526 | Public-Interest Lobby | a political organization whose goals will principally benefit nonmembers | 7 | |
| 9800948527 | Communication Workers of America v. Beck (1988) | Declared that employees don't have to pay union dues for partisan political activities | 8 | |
| 9800948528 | Social Movement | a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order | 9 | |
| 9800948529 | Environmental Movement | a social movement organized around concerns about the relationship between humans and the environment | 10 | |
| 9800948530 | Feminist Movement | the movement aimed at equal rights for women | 11 | |
| 9800948531 | Union Movement | in the 1800's working people became much more involved in politics. To create reforms workers joined together in voluntary associations called unions. Factory workers were faced with painfully long hours, and awful working conditions. They always had the threat of being laid off standing over them. They created a union to work to gather against the authorities. | 12 | |
| 9800948532 | Foundations | charitable organizations that donate funds or assets for a specific purpose. | 13 | |
| 9800948533 | Direct Mail | advertising sent directly to prospective customers via the mail | 14 | |
| 9800948534 | Political Cue | a signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits into his or her own political views on party agenda | 15 | |
| 9800948535 | Insider Strategy | strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting them privately to exchange information and favors. | 16 | |
| 9800948536 | Grassroots Lobbying | efforts by groups and associations to influence elected officials indirectly, by arousing their constituents. (Going directly to the people, Ex. NRA) | 17 | |
| 9800948537 | Astroturf Lobbying | when groups create front organizations designed to give the appearence of a greater level of public concern than really exists. ("Fake" Grassroots) | 18 | |
| 9800948538 | Revolving Door | Employment cycle in which individuals who work for government agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern. | 19 | |
| 9800948539 | Ethics in Government Act (1978) | Sets requirements for financial disclosure for elected public officials, and placed restrictions on former government officials lobbying activities (Watergate). | 20 | |
| 9800948540 | Lobbyist Disclosure Act (1995) | Legislation aimed at bringing a level of accountability to federal lobbying practices in the US. | 21 | |
| 9800948541 | Pluralist Theory | A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. | 22 | |
| 9800948542 | Elitist Theory | a theory that a few top leaders make the key decisions without reference to popular desires | 23 | |
| 9800948543 | Hyperpluralist Theory | A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened. Hyperpluralism is an extreme form of pluralism | 24 | |
| 9800948544 | Trade Association | nonprofit organization that promotes the interests of a particular industry | 25 | |
| 9800948545 | Iron Triangles | mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking. | 26 | |
| 9800948546 | Free Rider Problem | the problem faced by interest groups when citizens can reap the benefits of interest group action without actually joining, participating in, or contributing money to such groups. (Unions likewise) | 27 | |
| 9800948547 | Think Tanks | public interest organizations that do research on policy questions and disseminate their findings in books, articles, conferences, op-ed essays for newspapers, and testimony before Congress. | 28 | |
| 9800948548 | Earmarks | Pet projects added to appropriation bills by congressmen for their local issues, called "wasteful spending" and "pork barrel legislation" by critics. | 29 | |
| 9800948549 | Influence Peddling | using personal friendships and inside information to get political advantage | 30 | |
| 9800948550 | Collective good | Something of value that cannot be withheld from a potential group member. | 31 | |
| 9800948551 | Olsen's law of large groups | the larger the group, the further it will fall short of providing an optimum amount of a collective good. | 32 | |
| 9800948552 | selective benefits | goods that a group can restrict to those who actually join | 33 | |
| 9800948553 | single issue groups | Groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. | 34 | |
| 9800948554 | lobbying | contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group's interests | 35 | |
| 9800948555 | electioneering | direct group involvement in the electoral process | 36 | |
| 9800948556 | Political action committee | a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns | 37 | |
| 9800948557 | amicus curiae brief | Legal briefs filed by organized groups to influence the decision in a supreme Court case. | 38 | |
| 9800948558 | class action lawsuit | permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of all those who have been affected | 39 | |
| 9800948559 | union shop | A company in which new employees must join a union within a stated time period. | 40 | |
| 9800948560 | right-to-work law | state law forbidding requirements that workers must join a union to hold their jobs | 41 |
