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| 259903799 | Chinggis Khan | grandson of Kabul Khan; born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227. | 0 | |
| 259903800 | Tumens | basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units. | 1 | |
| 259903801 | Tangut | rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; during the southern Song period; conquered by Mongols in 1226. | 2 | |
| 259903802 | Muhammad Shah II | Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm; conquered by Mongols in 1220. | 3 | |
| 259903803 | Karakorum | capital of Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan. | 4 | |
| 259903804 | Shamanistic Religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits. | 5 | |
| 259903805 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236 | 6 | |
| 259903806 | Ogadei | 3rd son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan. | 7 | |
| 259903807 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. | 8 | |
| 259903808 | Metropolitan | head of Russian Orthodox church; located at Moscow; gained power during the Mongol era. | 9 | |
| 259903809 | Prester John | a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan. | 10 | |
| 259903810 | Ilkhan Khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire. | 11 | |
| 259903811 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad. | 12 | |
| 259903812 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260. | 13 | |
| 259903813 | Kublai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271. | 14 | |
| 259903814 | Tatu | Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing. | 15 | |
| 259903815 | Chabi | influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China. | 16 | |
| 259903816 | Nestorains | Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions. | 17 | |
| 259903817 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty;. | 18 | |
| 259903818 | Ju Yanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty. | 19 | |
| 259903819 | Timur-I Lang | last major nomad leader; 14th century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. | 20 |
